Aaron Young
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Georgia Tech College of Engineering
- Atlanta GA
Aaron Young is an expert in powered orthotic and prosthetic control systems for persons with stroke, neurological injury or amputation.
Georgia Tech College of Engineering
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Media
Social
Biography
Areas of Expertise
Selected Accomplishments
New Faces of Engineering award through DiscoverE
New Faces of Engineering award through DiscoverE – IEEE USA winner, 2017
BME Research Award in Neural and Rehabilitation Engineering
BME Research Award in Neural and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2014
Military Health System Research Symposium Team Award
Military Health System Research Symposium Team Award, 2015
Education
Northwestern University
Ph.D.
2014
Northwestern University
M.S.
2011
Purdue University
B.S.
2009
Selected Media Appearances
Soft Robotics: The Road To Iron Man
Breaking Defense online
2019-08-15
While the first iteration is built to support the knee, “it could fairly easily be translated to other joints,” said Georgia Tech biomedical engineer Aaron Young. The knee is a straightforward starting point because it only bends one way. (Well, it had better not bend sideways or else it’s going to hurt). But with additional pneumatic actuators and more complex controls, Young said, the system could handle the wider range of motion of the hips and ankles, further improving lower body support, or even the shoulder, potentially boosting upper-body strength for carrying and climbing...
Selected Articles
A Semi-Wearable Robotic Device for Sit-to-Stand Assistance
IEEE2019
With the aging of the population in the United States, an increasing number of individuals suffer from mobility challenges. For such individuals, the difficulty of standing up from a seated position is a major barrier for their daily physical activities. In the paper, a novel assistive device, namely Semi-Wearable Sit-to-Stand Assist (SW-SiStA), is presented, which provides effective lower-limb assistance to overcome such difficulty for the mobility-challenged individuals. Unlike traditional exoskeletons, the SW-SiStA can be easily detached after the completion of the sit-to-stand process, and thus will not cause additional burden to the user during the subsequent ambulation. The SW-SiStA is powered with a pneumatic actuator, leverage its advantages of low cost and high power/force density.
Electromyography (EMG) Signal Contributions in Speed and Slope Estimation Using Robotic Exoskeletons
IEEE 16th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)2019
Robotic exoskeletons have the capability to improve community ambulation in aging individuals. These exoskeleton controllers utilize different environmental information such as walking speeds and slope inclines to provide corresponding assistance. Several numerical approaches for estimating this environmental information have been implemented; however, they tend to be limited during dynamic changes. A possible solution is a machine learning model utilizing the user’s electromyography (EMG) signals along with mechanical sensor data. We developed a neural network-based walking speed and slope estimator for a powered hip exoskeleton and explored the EMG signal contributions in both static and dynamic settings while wearing the device. We also analyzed the performance of different EMG electrode placements. The resulting machine learning model achieved error rates below 0.08 m/s RMSE and 1.3 RMSE. Our study findings from four able-bodied and two elderly subjects indicate that EMG can improve the performance by reducing the error rate by 14.8% compared to the model using only mechanical sensors. Additionally, results show that using EMG electrode configuration within the exoskeleton interface region is sufficient for the EMG model performance.
Feature Selection and Non-Linear Classifiers: Effects on Simultaneous Motion Recognition in Upper Limb
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering2019
Myoelectric signals are a standard input for volitional control of prosthetic devices. As an information-rich signal, feature selection plays a decisive role in the performance of motion classification. In this paper, we evaluate feature selection in the classification of simultaneous motions produced from combinations of wrist and elbow flexion/extension, radio-ulnar pronation/supination, and hand opening/closing aiming to determine a common set of recommendations for the implementation of motion classification from EMG signals for prosthetic control. Chow-Liu trees and forward feature selection are used as the methods for selecting features, and six different classification algorithms are evaluated as the wrapping component.
Control and Experimental Validation of a Powered Knee and Ankle Prosthetic Device
ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference2018
Developing active prostheses require robust design methodologies and smart controllers in order to appropriately provide net positive mechanical work to the user. Passive prostheses are limited in their ability to sustain walking for long periods of time as well as ambulating over different terrains/environmental conditions. In this paper we present a control architecture and validation results on three individuals with transfemoral amputation using our powered knee and ankle prosthetic device. A three stage controller structure is proposed: high-level control, mid-level control, and low-level control. The high-level controller is responsible for determining the locomotion mode. At the mid-level control, an impedance controller is paired with a state machine to coordinate the kinematics and kinetics of the device with the user during community ambulation tasks. At the low-level control, the device is paired in conjunction with a series elastic actuator (SEA) at each joint to enable closed-loop torque control (PID control). Our results indicate that our powered prosthetic device is capable of scaling to a range of speeds without having to tune many impedance parameters. Our approach shows that our device is a good platform for further testing robust controllers that can provide powered assistance to the user.
The Effect of Hip Assistance Levels on Human Energetic Cost Using Robotic Hip Exoskeletons
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (2019
In order for the lower limb exoskeletons to realize their considerable potential, a greater understanding of optimal assistive performance is required. While others have shown positive results, the fundamental question of how the exoskeleton interacts with the human remains unknown. Understanding the optimal assistance magnitude is not simply relevant for control, it is a critical knowledge for exoskeleton designers. An accurate understanding of assistance levels will enable the designers to minimize exoskeleton mass and improve the performance by avoiding excessive actuators and drivetrains. We explored the relationship between the assistance magnitude and the energetic cost benefits by using a series elastic actuator driven powered hip exoskeleton. The exoskeleton controller mimics a human biological hip moment to provide the assistance during the gait cycle. Ten able-bodied subjects walked using the exoskeleton with different magnitudes of assistance in both hip flexion and extension. Generally, the resulting metabolic cost across different assistance conditions showed a U-shape trend which was consistent across all subjects (p
