Deepak Vashishth
Director, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies & Professor, Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
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Areas of Expertise
Biography
Education
University of London
Ph.D.
Biomedical Materials
1997
West Virginia University
M.S.
Mechanical Engineering
1992
Malviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT)
B.S.
Mechanical Engineering
1988
Links
Media Appearances
Stochasticity–inherent fluctuations in materials merit exploration
Phys.org online
2018-08-02
Scientists and engineers who work with materials – metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and glasses – know that at some scale, predictive ability breaks down amid the fluctuations known as "stochasticity." On the atomic scale for example, even the most perfect crystal has thermodynamic fluctuations, in the form of "point defects" – atoms missing from the crystal lattice. In another example, the atoms within an alloy material may distribute in many ways: an alloy made of silicon germanium, may be half and half of each element overall, but with stochastic fluctuations the ratio in which those elements are found varies at different length scales throughout the material.
How a cell knows when to divide
ScienceDaily online
2018-05-23
How does a cell know when to divide? We know that hundreds of genes contribute to a wave of activity linked to cell division, but to generate that wave new research shows that cells must first grow large enough to produce four key proteins in adequate amounts. The study, published today in Cell Systems, offers a path for controlling the balance between cell growth and division, which is implicated in countless diseases, including cancers.
Tech Valley weathering funding loss
Times Union online
2014-09-15
"Innovation lies at the crossroads" of disciplines, Vashishth said. "If you can express a concept in the form of mathematics, you can predict it, optimize it and control it."
The center's research budget has increased from $1 million that first year to $14 million a year currently, Vashishth said.
Battling Brittle Bones ... With Broccoli and Spinach?
RPI News online
2012-12-11
A study from engineering researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows, for the first time, how the little-understood protein osteocalcin plays a significant role in the strength of our bones. The findings could lead to new strategies and therapeutics for fighting osteoporosis and lowering the risk of bone fracture.
Articles
Co-culture cell-derived extracellular matrix loaded electrospun microfibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Materials Science and Engineering: CMarta S Carvalho, João C Silva, Ranodhi N Udangawa, Joaquim MS Cabral, Frederico Castelo Ferreira, Cláudia L da Silva, Robert J Linhardt, Deepak Vashishth
2019
Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) has been employed as scaffolds for tissue engineering, creating a biomimetic microenvironment that provides physical, chemical and mechanical cues for cells and supports cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and differentiation by mimicking their in vivo microenvironment. Despite the enhanced bioactivity of cell-derived ECM, its application as a scaffold to regenerate hard tissues such as bone is still hampered by its insufficient mechanical properties. The combination of cell-derived ECM with synthetic biomaterials might result in an effective strategy to enhance scaffold mechanical properties and structural support. Electrospinning has been used in bone tissue engineering to fabricate fibrous and porous scaffolds, mimicking the hierarchical organized fibrillar structure and architecture found in the ECM. Although the structure of the scaffold might be similar to ECM architecture, most of these electrospun scaffolds have failed to achieve functionality due to a lack of bioactivity and osteoinductive factors. In this study, we developed bioactive cell-derived ECM electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds produced from ECM derived from human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and their combination based on the hypothesis that the cell-derived ECM incorporated into the PCL fibers would enhance the biofunctionality of the scaffold. The aims of this study were to fabricate and characterize cell-derived ECM electrospun PCL scaffolds and assess their ability to enhance osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, envisaging bone tissue engineering applications. Our findings demonstrate that all cell-derived ECM electrospun scaffolds promoted significant cell proliferation compared to PCL alone, while presenting similar physical/mechanical properties. Additionally, MSC:HUVEC-ECM electrospun scaffolds significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs as verified by increased ALP activity and osteogenic gene expression levels. To our knowledge, these results describe the first study suggesting that MSC:HUVEC-ECM might be developed as a biomimetic electrospun scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications.
Altered tissue composition, microarchitecture, and mechanical performance in cancellous bone from men with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Journal of Bone and Mineral ResearchHeather B Hunt, Ashley M Torres, Pablo M Palomino, Eric Marty, Rehan Saiyed, Matthew Cohn, Jonathan Jo, Stephen Warner, GrazynaE Sroga, KarenB King, JosephM Lane, Deepak Vashishth, Christopher J Hernandez, Eve Donnelly
2019
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have normal to high bone mineral densities, but, counterintuitively, have greater fracture risks than people without T2DM, even after accounting for potential confounders like BMI and falls. Therefore, T2DM may alter aspects of bone quality, including material properties or microarchitecture, that increase fragility independently of bone mass. Our objective was to elucidate the factors that influence fragility in T2DM by comparing the material properties, microarchitecture, and mechanical performance of cancellous bone in a clinical population of men with and without T2DM. Cancellous specimens from the femoral neck were collected during total hip arthroplasty (T2DM: n=31, age=65±8 years, HbA1c=7.1 ± 0.9%; non‐DM: n=34, age=62±9 years, HbA1c=5.5±0.4%). The T2DM specimens had greater concentrations of the advanced glycation endproduct pentosidine (+36%, p
Synergistic effect of extracellularly supplemented osteopontin and osteocalcin on stem cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic properties
Journal of Cellular BiochemistryMarta S Carvalho, Joaquim MS Cabral, Cláudia L da Silva, Deepak Vashishth
2018
A high demand for functional bone grafts is being observed worldwide, especially due to the increased life expectancy. Osteoinductive components should be incorporated into functional bone grafts, accelerating cell recruitment, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and new bone formation at a defect site. Noncollagenous bone matrix proteins, especially osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC), have been reported to regulate some physiological process, such as cell migration and bone mineralization. However, the effects of OPN and OC on cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and angiogenesis are still undefined. Therefore, we assessed the exogenous effect of OPN and OC supplementation on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBM MSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. OPN dose‐dependently increased the proliferation of hBM MSC, as well as improved the angiogenic properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by increasing the capillary‐like tube formation in vitro. On the other hand, OC enhanced the differentiation of hBM MSC into osteoblasts and demonstrated an increase in extracellular calcium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as higher messenger RNA levels of mature osteogenic markers osteopontin and osteocalcin. In vivo assessment of OC/OPN‐enhanced scaffolds in a critical‐sized defect rabbit long‐bone model revealed no infection, while new bone was being formed. Taken together, these results suggest that OC and OPN stimulate bone regeneration by inducing stem cell proliferation, osteogenesis and by enhancing angiogenic properties. The synergistic effect of OC and OPN observed in this study can be applied as an attractive strategy for bone regeneration therapeutics by targeting different vital cellular processes.
