At a crucial time in American history, narratives of women in command or imperiled at sea contributed to the construction of a national rhetoric. Robin Miskolcze makes her case by way of careful readings of images of women at sea before the Civil War in her book Women and Children First. Though the sea has traditionally been interpreted as the province of men, women have gone to sea as mothers, wives, figureheads, and slaves. In fact, in the nineteenth century, women at sea contributed to the formation of an ethics of survival that helped to define American ideals. This study examines, often for the first time, images of women at sea in antebellum narratives ranging from novels and sermons to newspaper accounts and lithographs. Anglo-American women in antebellum sea narratives are often portrayed as models of American ideals derived from women’s seemingly innate Christian self-sacrifice. Miskolcze argues that these ideals, in conjunction with the maritime directive of “women and children first” during sea disasters, in turn defined a new masculine individualism, one that was morally minded, rooted in Christian principles, and dedicated to preserving virtue. Further, Miskolcze contends that without the antebellum sea narratives portraying the Christian self-sacrifice of women, the abolitionist cause would have suffered. African American women appealed to the directive of “women and children first” to make manifest their own womanhood, and by extension, their own humanity.

Women and Children First: Nineteenth-Century Sea Narratives and American Identity

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Loyola Marymount University

Robin Miskolcze teaches courses in American Romanticism, American Realism and Naturalism, 19th-Century American women writers and early American culture. She is currently Director of the English Graduate Program.  Her book Women and Children First: 19th-Century Sea Narratives and American Identity (2008) examines images of women at sea as passengers, cross-dressed sailors and slaves within antebellum narratives ranging from novels and sermons to newspaper accounts and lithographs. Professor Miskolcze has also published her research in journals such as Nineteenth-Century Contexts and Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies. Her current research interests include 19th-century representations of homelessness, Mobility Studies, and Oceanic Studies.

Robin Miskolcze

Loyola Marymount University

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