Sheng Lu
Professor, Fashion and Apparel Studies | University of Delaware
Newark, DE, UNITED STATES
Prof. Lu's research focuses on the economic and business aspects of the global textile and apparel industry.
Spotlight
Media
Publications:
Documents:
Videos:
Audio/Podcasts:
Biography
Dr. Sheng Lu joined the department in 2015. Dr. Lu's research focuses on the economic and business aspects of the global textile and apparel industry, including international trade, apparel sourcing, fashion supply chain, and trade policy. Dr. Lu also studies social responsibility and sustainability issues related to apparel sourcing and trade and the implications of big data and digital technologies on the fashion industry, particularly from a supply chain perspective.
Dr. Lu received the 2014 Rising Star Award and the 2019 Mid-Career Excellence Award from the International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) to recognize his research and teaching excellence. He is also the multiple-time recipient of the Paper of Distinction Award at the ITAA annual conferences. He was also invited to serve as a consultant for the International Trade Centre (ITC), co-run by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN).
Dr. Lu has achieved over 80 publications in leading academic and trade journals in the textile and apparel discipline. His works were cited by government reports such as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) studies prepared for members of U.S. Congress, U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) official assessment on the economic impacts of free trade agreements as well as the World Bank, International Labor Organization, and the United Nations research publications. Dr. Lu and his work were also regularly featured by media outlet, including the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, BBC World News (UK), Bloomberg, Nikkei Asian Review (Japan), Associated Press, the Economist (UK), South China Morning Post (Hong Kong), and Business of Fashion.
Industry Expertise (3)
Apparel/Accessories
Import and Export
Textiles/Leather Goods
Areas of Expertise (5)
Textile and Apparel Industries
International Trade
Sustainability Issues
Trade Policy
Fashion and Apparel
Media Appearances (47)
The Tech Friend: Trump tariffs and your iPhone
The Washington Post
2024-11-08
Businesses also have adapted to the higher tariffs on many Chinese imports in the past six years. Many companies moved some manufacturing to other countries to avoid higher tariffs on Chinese-made goods. For example, research led by University of Delaware professor Sheng Lu recently found that more than four out of every 10 American apparel companies in a survey are now importing less than 10 percent of their products from China. In 2018, just 18 percent of U.S. clothing companies were importing such a small percentage from China.
Shein denies alleged ‘widespread’ toxic chemicals in products
Yahoo Finance online
2024-05-30
"Any issues regarding the quality of its products or negative news about its business operations may trigger unexpected ripple effects and create new uncertainties for its IPO prospects," University of Delaware professor of fashion and apparel studies Sheng Lu said.
Shein Promised to Have a Big U.S. IPO. Its China Roots Got in the Way
Wall Street Journal print
2024-05-28
“If Shein can’t make it, who else has a better chance?” said Sheng Lu, an expert on the globalLutextile and apparel industry at the University of Delaware. “Shein is not in a traditionallysensitive high-tech industry. It’s just a clothing retailer.”
Meet the Gen Z-ers slowing down fast fashion by promoting sustainable clothing
NBC News New York tv
2024-04-23
"Fast fashion brands intentionally try to influence these, you know, Gen Z students through using these social media," said Sheng Lu, a fashion studies professor at the University of Delaware. "When you are still a student and you like to wear something unique, look unique and trendy, you know, financially more affordable to you. And this is exactly how these fast fashion brands make their products very attractive to this Gen Z population."
Clothing giant Shein in focus as France targets fast fashion
AFP online
2024-03-22
Shein offered an astounding 1.5 million different apparel items for sale last year, according to research by University of Delaware fashion expert Sheng Lu -- far surpassing pioneering Spanish fast-fashion brand Zara, which stocked 40,000 styles.
Does France’s anti-fast fashion bill have legs?
Vogue Business online
2024-03-19
The bill’s murky definition of fast fashion offers little clarity around who is responsible for tracking a clothing company’s sales to gauge if it falls under this category, says Dr Sheng Lu, associate professor and director of graduate studies in the Department of Fashion and Apparel Studies at the University of Delaware. Because fashion retailers frequently adjust their prices, sometimes several times a week, and slash tickets during the holidays to generate sales, these fluctuations further muddy the prospect of using price to qualify fast fashion, says Lu. He sees a “huge challenge” with defining the scope of products subject to the extra penalties and collecting these charges.
Research Shows Adaptive Apparel Market Underserved at Retail
Yahoo! Lifestyle online
2023-12-08
One in four U.S. residents who experience at least one type of disability don’t have enough adaptive apparel options, according to a recent study published in the International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education Journal by Hannah Laurits and Dr. Sheng Lu of the Department of Fashion and Apparel Studies at UD.
How Shein outgrew Zara and H&M and pioneered fast-fashion 2.0
Reuters online
2023-12-13
The direct-to-consumer model gives Shein an advantage over brick-and-mortar retailers, which must distribute apparel across a global network of stores and keep those locations stocked, said Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies.
Shein x Forever 21: ‘If You Can’t Beat Them, Join Them’
Yahoo! Lifestyle online
2023-08-24
Lu said that the partnership signals Shein’s “eagerness” to find new business growth opportunities and create a “favorable” environment that can eventually lead to a successful IPO.
Asian garment makers call for more help from brands to adapt as Europe calls time on fast fashion
Reuters online
2023-08-23
“If Asian companies want to sell their products in Europe in the future, they have to comply with many components of the strategy,” said Lu.
How Shein became a fast-fashion behemoth
NPR online
2023-07-06
Today on the show: how Shein's unusual business model helped it grow from a small internet startup to a global retail behemoth, and why it is so controversial.
America’s Top Fast-Fashion Retailer Tries to Shed Its Chinese Image. Wall Street Journal
Wall Street Journal print
2023-06-22
Shein, the China-founded ultrafast-fashion retailer that has become a favorite of young American consumers, is making an effort to reshape its public image, including addressing American lawmakers’ concerns about the origins of its cotton.
Weak U.S. demand hits Southeast Asia's garment exporters
Nikkei Asia print
2023-06-22
Sheng Lu, an associate professor at the University of Delaware's department of fashion and apparel studies, said fashion companies faced a "very challenging" sourcing environment as inflation ate into household budgets and families prioritized living expenses over discretionary purchases.
Analysis: World's apparel, sneakers hub Vietnam struggles as US ban on Xinjiang cotton bites
Reuters online
2023-05-02
"Vietnam's heavy reliance on cotton textile materials from China poses a significant risk of containing Xinjiang cotton, as the province produces over 90% of China's cotton," Sheng Lu, Director at the Department of Fashion and Apparel Studies at the University of Delaware, told Reuters.
‘Too good to be true?’ As Shein and Temu take off, so does the scrutiny
CNN online
2023-04-24
“From the history of the companies to where their products come from, it’s very hard to say you’re not related to China,” said Sheng Lu, an associate professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware.
Chart: The Low Wages of Garment Workers
The Wire online
2022-12-02
According to Sheng Lu, University of Delaware, Ethiopia, the fastest-growing African economy, has the lowest wages in the global textile industry. In an effort to attract foreign investors, Ethiopia has implemented the lowest minimum wage of any garment-producing country: only $26 per month, or about 23 euros.
Shein, Forever 21 merger doubles down on fast fashion
CBC news online
2023-08-30
The two companies were seen as one of each other's biggest rivals. As such, many experts, including UD's Sheng Lu, saw the move as a surprise. "In terms of price point, definitely they're very, very close," said Lu, assistant professor of fashion and apparel studies.
US Apparel Retailers Break Up With China Amid Worries
Bloomberg online
2023-08-02
The article mentions the survey conducted by Sheng Lu, which found about 61% of apparel retail CEOs haves stopped using China as their primary supplier, up from 30% before the pandemic.
Weak demand leaves U.S. fashion brands cautious on garment orders
Nikkei Asia print
2023-08-02
Garment industry expert Sheng Lu, who conducted the survey, said the new level of anxiety about trade tensions and the eagerness to reduce China exposure was notable compared with previous studies.
Indiana’s Top Business School Proudly Partnered With Shein, Then Quietly Cut Ties
Forbes online
2023-07-11
“Shein’s prime target market is Gen Z,” Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at UD, said. “[It] may feel that having a partnership with a university may make them more appealing to their customers.”
Calls to shut down Shein, a Chinese fast fashion company, are growing
NPR radio
2023-04-30
NPR's Ayehsa Rascoe speaks to Sheng Lu, associate professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware, about campaigns warning consumers against Chinese companies Shein and Temu.
Where Is the Fast Fashion Backlash
Bloomberg online
2023-03-15
Sheng Lu, fashion and apparel studies, says fast fashion retailer Shein is an example of “the popularity of cheap products.” But he also sees signs that sustainable shopping is gaining traction, including the boom in resale. “We need to create an environment that can really encourage companies, not just punish them, to do more to make their products sustainable," Lu said.
Chinese Shopping App Temu Wows US Amid TikTok Fears
AFP online
2023-04-09
The rise of fast-fashion retailers Shein and Temu comes as leading U.S. fashion companies seek to reduce their exposure to China with worries intensifying over growing U.S.-China tensions, said Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies.
America can't resist fast fashion. Shein, with all its issues, is tailored for it
NPR radio
2023-10-13
"The actual cost of making, say, a $5 garment ... is far more, much higher than these $5, if you also consider the impact on garment workers, its impact on the environment," says Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at UD.
The Workers Who Make Your Clothes Want Higher Pay. Who Should Pony Up?
Wall Street Journal print
2023-11-06
Because of the intense market competition, factory owners in Bangladesh must also strike a balance between raising the minimum wage and maintaining competitiveness,” said Sheng Lu, an associate professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware
U.S. forced labor laws strain China-dependent garment supply chains.
Nikkei Asia print
2023-11-13
The value of U.S. garment imports declined 22% in the year to August while quantity dropped 27%, according to figures compiled by Sheng Lu, an associate professor at the University of Delaware's department of fashion and apparel studies.
China’s exports to US endure steepest plunge in nearly 30 years
South China Morning Post print
2024-01-12
"Particularly affected by the passage of the Uygur Forced Labor Prevention Act, China accounted for 21 percent of US apparel imports in the first 11 months of 2023, marking a new low for the past decade, according to Sheng Lu, associate professor at the University of Delaware’s department of fashion and apparel studies."
Here's why women's sweaters are more expensive than men's sweaters
Business Insider online
2024-01-17
"Sheng Lu is an associate professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware. He teaches courses that focus on product sourcing and pricing practices. He told BI that companies typically set their prices based on the cost of goods, expected gross margin, and retail reduction, or the discount they expect to offer in the future. Women's apparel is more trend-driven than menswear and has a more competitive market. These factors can pressure retailers to heavily discount women's clothing, Lu explained."
How Your Old Wardrobe Can Fight Climate Change. Seriously.
Vice online
2024-01-30
Dr. Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware, sees a growing consumer interest in sustainable fashion. In a 2022 study, Lu found a broad supply base for clothes made from 100 percent recycled textiles, an industry that could be worth over $7.5 billion annually by 2027 and exceed sales of regular new clothing.
Study: EU Retailers Cast Wide Net in Sourcing Recycled Apparel
Yahoo! Lifestyle online
2024-01-25
Retailers across Europe‘s biggest apparel-consuming markets are sourcing recycled apparel from all over the globe, according to a recently released study by Dr. Sheng Lu and Leah Marsh of the fashion and apparel studies program at the University of Delaware.
Why China hopes the US won’t touch a century-old trade rule affecting imports under US$800
South China Morning Post print
2024-02-03
How the de minimis rule might change will be a critical issue to watch in 2024,” said Sheng Lu of the University of Delaware.
What U.S. Trade Data Says About Sourcing From China in 2024
Sourcing Journal online
2024-03-11
Almost two years after the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, or UFLPA, took effect in the United States, its impact on trade patterns is palpable, new research has found. It’s not just China that cotton-sourcing companies are swerving, either, said Sheng Lu, associate professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware, but Asia in its entirety.
US April apparel imports from AGOA members falls by nearly a quarter
Yahoo Finance & Just-Style online
2024-06-11
Dr Sheng Lu, professor of apparel studies at the University of Delaware, told Just Style that is “concerning” that US apparel imports from members of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) decreased by 23.7% in value and 21.9% in quantity in April 2024 compared to a year ago. Lu explained: “In value terms, only about 1.7% of US apparel imports came from AGOA members in the first four months of 2024, down from 2.0% over the same period in 2023. Particularly affected by the loss of AGOA eligibility, US apparel imports from Ethiopia sharply dropped by nearly 40% in 2024 from a year earlier."
Report: As African Apparel Imports Dwindle, the Time for AGOA Renewal is Now
Sourcing Journal online
2024-06-11
With those stats as a backdrop, Dr. Sheng Lu, professor and director of graduate studies in the Department of Fashion and Apparel Studies at the University of Delaware, said Africa’s opportunity for growth into a leading apparel sourcing hub hinges on the swift and long-term renewal of AGOA. In a study released this week, Lu analyzed the region’s capabilities and capacity to take on more apparel sourcing from Asia as China continues to shed market share. “The SSA region was often regarded as one of the most popular alternative sourcing destinations thanks to its large population, relatively low labor costs, and shorter shipping distance to U.S. ports compared to most Asian [sourcing hubs],” he wrote.
26 million tons of clothing end up in China’s landfills each year, propelled by fast fashion
Associated Press online
2024-07-10
And therein lies the real problem, said Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware.“Studies repeatedly show consumers are not willing to pay higher for clothing made from recycled materials, and instead they actually expect a lower price because they see such clothing as made of secondhand stuff,” he said. With higher costs in acquiring, sorting and processing used garments, he doesn’t see sustainable fashion succeeding on a wide scale in China, where clothes are so cheap to make. “Companies do not have the financial incentive,” he said.
Explainer: Why next-gen workforce is advising Macy’s on sustainability
Just-style and Yahoo online
2024-07-30
The University of Delaware's professor of fashion and apparel studies Dr Sheng Lu adds that his students have worked with Macy's over the past two years to explore innovative approaches and enhance the company's sustainability practices. Lu has seen first-hand how these projects can give students invaluable hands-on sustainability knowledge and challenges them to apply their classroom learning to solve real-world problems. "Students also have the unique opportunity to present their findings to Macy’s leadership team and receive constructive feedback. Such positive learning experiences are transformative and have a lasting impact on both students and myself as an educator," he notes.
Bangladesh Garment Factories to Western Buyers: You Can Rely on Us
Wall Street Journal print
2024-08-10
The 2024 Fashion Industry Benchmarking Study, a survey of about 30 major U.S. fashion companies, released in July found that 48% of major U.S. fashion companies intended to increase purchases from Bangladesh over the next two years, down from 58% in 2022. Sheng Lu, a professor of apparel studies at the University of Delaware, said Bangladesh’s higher minimum wage and shifting consumer interest toward trendier items produced elsewhere had cut into the nation’s market share. Meanwhile, another low-cost rival, India, is gaining, thanks to its ability to produce its own fabric, which saves production time. Bangladesh faces “some really tough situations right now,” said Lu, who helped conduct the benchmarking study.
China has turned inward to sell Xinjiang cotton after a trade ban. Will it be enough?
South China Morning Post print
2024-08-10
Sheng Lu, a professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware, said while China’s sector will “undoubtedly remain one of the world’s most competitive” given its manufacturing capabilities, geopolitics will continue to be a drag on exports. “Due to deteriorating relations, sourcing from China is regarded as high-risk for US fashion companies,” Lu said. “This pushes [these] companies to reduce their ‘China exposure’ and move orders elsewhere. For Chinese manufacturers that heavily rely on exports, the worst may be yet to come.”
The giant of fast fashion Shein is suing its ultracheap rival Temu
NPR News radio
2024-08-23
Shein's new lawsuit accuses Temu of running a fraudulent marketplace. It claims Temu subsidizes its cheap prices by pushing sellers to steal designs and make counterfeits, and the irony is that Shein itself has been accused of cribbing other people's ideas, which Shein rejects. Sheng Lu is a fast-fashion expert at the University of Delaware. SHENG LU: Like it or not, no intellectual property rights itself is associated with the fast-fashion business model.
The Mysterious, Meteoric Rise of Shein
The Atlantic print
2024-09-06
For some observers, though, the scale and pace of Shein’s production was something to question, not cheer. Sheng Lu, a professor in the department of fashion-and-apparel studies at the University of Delaware, has extensively researched Shein. From December 2022 to December 2023, Lu found, the company offered 1.5 million SKUs, or stock-keeping units, a term used to identify individual products. By comparison, Zara offered only 40,000 SKUs over that period, and H&M offered 23,000. According to Lu, Shein typically priced its products 40 to 60 percent lower than its competitors did.
As fast fashion giant Shein embraces AI, its emissions are soaring
Grist online
2024-09-10
Shein’s emissions are especially high because of its reliance on air shipping, said Sheng Lu, a professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware. “AI has wide applications in the fashion industry. It’s not necessarily that AI is bad,” Lu said. “The problem is the essence of Shein’s particular business model.”
The Magic Behind Shein’s Rise Comes Under Threat: Duty-Free Shipping
Wall Street Journal print
2024-09-23
Because Shein relies on what in the U.S. is called the de minimis exemption, the impact of new regulations “could be much higher for Shein than other brands and retailers,” said Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware.
Can anything slow fast fashion down? Lawmakers are giving it a go
Los Angeles Times print
2024-09-12
A traditional retailer may offer 1,000 different styles per year, said Sheng Lu, professor and graduate director of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware. Compare that to the first generation of fast-fashion brands, Zara and H&M, which put out about 20,000 per year. Shein, he added, which has garnered the label of “ultra-fast fashion,” churns out 1.5 million different styles per year.
Why apparel companies embrace supplier scorecards
Retail Dive online
2024-10-21
with consumers and regulators pushing for more sustainably made products and lower emissions, fashion companies increasingly need to assess and record their operational processes and impacts, as well as those of their business partners, Sheng Lu, a professor and director of graduate studies at the University of Delaware’s Department of Fashion and Apparel Studies, told sister publication Supply Chain Dive.
India Sourcing Is on the Rise, Is the Industry Prepared?
Sourcing Journal online
2024-12-04
India’s sourcing star is on the rise, but industry discourse isn’t yet reflecting the magnitude of the country’s influence on the apparel sector. Now the third most utilized clothing production base for U.S. companies, India’s unique capabilities and benefits shouldn’t be discounted, according to Dr. Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware. The country is experiencing a “surge in popularity,” but it’s remained less visible than other leading Asian apparel suppliers like China, Vietnam and Bangladesh.
Worldview | China Still Dominates US Fashion Sourcing Mix
Business of Fashion online
2024-11-24
Using a snapshot of the top 10 suppliers of clothing products to the United States from January to October, an industry expert has found that China accounted for nearly 61 percent of imports with around 62,000 SKUs. India and Vietnam came a very distant second and third place respectively with just 15,000 SKUs each. Despite moves by American brands and retailers to ‘de-risk’ or diversify away from China, major alternative sourcing countries like Cambodia and Bangladesh registered with just 3,500 and 3,000 SKUs respectively, according to Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware, speaking at the recent Apparel Importers Trade & Transportation Conference presented by the USFIA in New York. “I think you see that it will take [even more] time for companies to find China’s alternative,” said Lu, referring to China’s competitiveness in terms of capabilities and clusters if not price, compared to the group of “Asia five” countries gradually increasing supply volumes, which also includes Indonesia
To Renew or Not to Renew? What AGOA Means to Apparel Sourcing
Yahoo
2024-11-20
“If you compare those products we import from Asia versus from AGOA, AGOA is mostly about basic products,” said Sheng Lu, professor of fashion and apparel studies at the University of Delaware. Even with AGOA’s so-called “third-country fabric rule,” which allows eligible countries to import textiles from anywhere in the world and still qualify for preferential treatment for their finished goods, the bulk of AGOA imports comprise cotton or polyester rather than more specialized fibers such as viscose spandex. This, to Lu’s point, limits Africa’s export competitiveness in the absence of anything else to sweeten the deal.
Articles (10)
Impact of textile raw material access on CAFTA-DR members’ apparel exports to the United States: a quantitative evaluation
The Journal of The Textile InstituteSheng Lu
2023 This study quantitatively evaluated the impact of textile raw material access on Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) members’ apparel exports to the United States. Results from the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model show that improving CAFTA-DR garment producers’ textile raw material access would significantly enhance the price competitiveness of their apparel exports to the United States and increase the export volume. However, improving CAFTA-DR garment producers’ textile raw material access would primarily benefit Asian textile suppliers but result in CAFTA-DR members’ reduced dependence on the U.S. textile raw material supply. The study’s findings provided new insights into the textile and apparel trade patterns in the Western Hemisphere and offered valuable inputs contributing to the public policy debate on expanding U.S. apparel sourcing from CAFTA-DR members from a unique supply chain perspective.
Explore U.S. retailers’ merchandising strategies for clothing made from recycled textile materials
International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and EducationAlly Botwinick, Sheng Lu
2022 This study explored U.S. retailers’ unique merchandising strategies for recycled clothing based on a logistic regression analysis of 16,000 Stock keeping Units of apparel items sold in the U.S. retail market from 2018 to 2021. The statistical analysis shows that U.S. retailers adopt distinct product assortment strategies for clothing made from recycled materials in terms of colours, design patterns, and product categories, compared with regular new clothing. Also, U.S. retailers were statistically more likely to price recycled clothing lower than the market average but more likely to target them for the luxury and premium market segments. The study's findings create timely new knowledge about the business aspects of clothing circularity and reveal the necessity of improving recycling technologies and changing consumers’ perceptions of recycled clothing's values.
Explore U.S. Retailers’ Sourcing Strategies for Clothing Made from Recycled Textile Materials
SustainabilitySheng Lu
2023 This study explored U.S. retailers’ sourcing patterns for clothing made from recycled textile materials. Based on a statistical analysis of over 3000 such clothing items for sale in the U.S. retail market from January 2019 to August 2022 at the Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) level, the study found that U.S. retailers adopted a diverse sourcing base for clothing made from recycled textile materials, covering developed and developing economies worldwide. Additionally, an exporting country’s economic development level and geographic location had statistically significant impacts on U.S. retailers’ sourcing patterns for clothing made from recycled textile materials regarding assortment diversity, product sophistication, market segments, and pricing. The study’s findings revealed the broad supply base for clothing made from recycled textile materials and suggested promising sourcing opportunities for such products. The findings also indicated that sourcing clothing made from recycled textile materials may help U.S. retailers achieve business benefits beyond the positive environmental impacts.
Are fashion majors ready for the era of data science? A study on the fashion undergraduate curriculums in US institutions
International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and EducationLora Merryman, Sheng Lu
2021 As the fashion industry is becoming ever more data-driven, this study intends to understand whether the current fashion curriculums in U.S. education institutions have sufficiently introduced fashion majors to the topic of data science and prepared students for related skillsets. The results of MANOVA analysis based on course information collected from 45 fashion curriculums offered by leading U.S.-based fashion programmes show that: First, fashion programmes, in general, have incorporated some but very limited data science-related courses into the fashion curriculum. Second, school affiliation and programme type are two factors that have statistically significant impacts on fashion programmes’ adoption of data science-related courses to the curriculum. Third, the current fashion curriculums are too rigid to allow more data science components without adding additional credit burdens. The findings call for a more balanced fashion curriculum to develop students’ data science-related skillsets and suggest rethinking the future of fashion education in U.S. colleges.
Can garment production survive in a developed economy in the 21st century? A study of “Made in Ireland”
Research Journal of Textile and Apparel2023 Purpose Given the heated academic and policy debate regarding the fate of garment manufacturing in a high-wage developed economy in the 21st century, this study aims to explore the production and export strategies of apparel “Made in Ireland.” Design/methodology/approach A logistic regression analysis of 4,000 apparel items at the stock keeping unit (SKU) level sold in the market from January 2018 to December 2021 was conducted to evaluate the production and export strategy of apparel “Made in Ireland” versus foreign-made imported items sold in Ireland.
Exploring U.S. retailers’ merchandising strategies for adaptive clothing: a focus on product assortment and pricing practices
International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and EducationHannah Laurits, Sheng Lu
2023-12-01
With society’s increasing call for more inclusivity in the fashion industry, adaptive clothing, designed for people with disabilities (PWD), has rapidly emerged as a critical and high-potential product category for U.S. retailers. By analysing thousands of clothing items in the market from 2018 to 2022 at the Stock Keeping Unit level, this study analysed U.S. retailers’ merchandising strategies for adaptive clothing. The logistic regression revealed that, statistically, adaptive clothing in the U.S. retail market looked more ‘boring’ and exhibited lower availability in several categories, including dresses, outerwear & suits, and underwear. Also, compared with nonadaptive ones, adaptive clothing statistically was more likely to be priced higher than the market average. The findings generated critical new knowledge about the business aspect of adaptive clothing by adding a valuable retailers’ perspective. The results also call for efforts to make adaptive clothing more diverse in product categories and financially affordable to PWD.
Importing Clothing Made from Recycled Textile Materials? A Study of Retailers’ Sourcing Strategies in Five European Countries
SustainabilityLeah Marsh and Sheng Lu
2024-01-27
This study examined retailers’ sourcing strategies for clothing made from recycled textile materials in the five largest European clothing retail markets (i.e., the UK, Italy, France, Germany, and Spain), given the increasing availability of such products. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted based on the detailed country of origin and product assortment information of thousands of such clothing items for sale in these five EU countries from January 2021 to May 2023. The results show that EU retailers sourced clothing using recycled textile materials diversely from over 40 developing and developed countries across Asia, America, Europe, and Africa. The geographic location of supplying countries statistically affects the detailed assortment of recycled clothing that EU retailers import. However, apart from assortment diversity, no statistical evidence indicates that developing countries had advantages over developed ones regarding product sophistication, replenishment frequency, and pricing in the five EU markets. The study’s findings offer new insights into the business aspects of recycled clothing and reveal promising global sourcing opportunities for such products. The results also imply a potentially significant shift in global apparel trade patterns as retailers embrace fashion circularity and expand sourcing clothing made from recycled textile materials.
Is Sub-Saharan Africa ready to serve as an alternative apparel-sourcing destination to Asia for US Fashion companies? A product-level analysis
Competitiveness ReviewSheng Lu
2024-06-10
The prospect of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as an apparel-sourcing base for US fashion companies has been a growing heated debate among academia, industry practitioners and policymakers. This study aims to evaluate SSA countries’ readiness to serve as an alternative sourcing destination to Asia for US fashion companies, focusing on comparing the similarities and differences of US apparel imports from these two regions at the product level. Statistical analysis shows that US fashion companies seemed to leverage SSA countries as suppliers of “niche products,” such as those relatively simple and basic apparel categories containing African cultural elements and targeting the luxury and premium market segment. However, the range of apparel products available for US fashion companies to source from the SSA region remained significantly more limited than those from Asia. Also, US apparel imports from SSA countries were primarily made of cotton and polyester, with less use of other fiber types, including nylon, rayon, viscose, wool and those made from recycled textile materials.
Does Shein Redefine Fast Fashion Merchandising Strategies? A Product-Level Analysis in the U.S. Retail Market
Research Journal of Textile and ApparelSheng Lu, Noelle Mullen
2024-07-29
This study explored Shein’s “ultra-fast fashion” merchandising strategies as opposed to Zara and H&M, two of the most representative conventional fast fashion retailers. A statistical analysis of the detailed product assortment and pricing information of 12,000 apparel items at the Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) level sold by Shein, Zara, and H&M in the U.S. market between January 2022 and December 2023 was conducted. Results show that Shein’s merchandising strategies differ statistically from Zara and H&M. Such distinctions can be observed through Shein’s deliberate adoption of a narrower product assortment, substantial investments in trendy clothing over plain-style staple items, a significantly lower product replenishment rate, and a more conservative discount rate. The findings offer unique insights into Shein’s business secret and deepen our understanding of the evolving fast fashion business model.
2024 Fashion Industry Benchmarking Study
United States Fashion Industry AssociationSheng Lu
2024-07-29
The top 5 business challenges in 2024 are: inflation and economic outlook in the U.S., managing the forced labor risks in the supply chain, shipping delays and supply chain disruptions, managing geopolitics and other political instability related to sourcing, and the protectionist trade policy agenda in the U.S. 75 percent of respondents feel optimistic or somewhat optimistic about the next five years. U.S. fashion companies are actively exploring new sourcing opportunities, with a particular focus on emerging destinations in Asia and the Western Hemisphere. Making apparel sourcing more sustainable, ethical, and socially responsible remains a pivotal focus for U.S. fashion companies. 82 percent of respondents plan to allocate MORE resources toward sustainability and compliance in 2024 and nearly 95 percent of respondents also plan to either increase their operational budget or maintain it at the same level as last year to support enhanced sustainability and compliance efforts.
Accomplishments (4)
Mid-Career Excellence Award, International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) (professional)
n/a
Rising Star Award, International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) (professional)
n/a
Paper of Distinction Awards, International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) (professional)
n/a
Outstanding Teaching Award (professional)
2024-04-23
University of Delaware College of Arts and Sciences 2024 Outstanding Teaching Award
Social