Thomas Craemer, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Public Policy University of Connecticut

  • Hartford CT

Thomas Craemer is an expert on slavery reparations, racial bias and the psychology of racism.

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There was a time reparations were actually paid – just not to formerly enslaved people, writes UConn Expert

With the topic of reparations under discussion and debate, Thomas Craemer -an expert from the University of Connecticut -had this to offer in a new essay for The Conversation: The cost of slavery and its legacy of systemic racism to generations of Black Americans has been clear over the past year – seen in both the racial disparities of the pandemic and widespread protests over police brutality. Yet whenever calls for reparations are made – as they are again now – opponents counter that it would be unfair to saddle a debt on those not personally responsible. In the words of then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, speaking on Juneteenth – the day Black Americans celebrate as marking emancipation – in 2019, “I don’t think reparations for something that happened 150 years ago for whom none of us currently living are responsible is a good idea.” As a professor of public policy who has studied reparations, I acknowledge that the figures involved are large – I conservatively estimate the losses from unpaid wages and lost inheritances to Black descendants of the enslaved at around US$20 trillion in 2021 dollars. But what often gets forgotten by those who oppose reparations is that payouts for slavery have been made before – numerous times, in fact. And few at the time complained that it was unfair to saddle generations of people with a debt for which they were not personally responsible. There is an important caveat in these cases of reparations though: The payments went to former slave owners and their descendants, not the enslaved or their legal heirs. Dr. Craemer discusses such aspects as the “Haitian Independence Debt,” British ‘reparations,’ and paying for freedom. Dr. Craemer is an expert on slavery reparations, racial bias, and the psychology of racism, and he is available to speak with media – simply click on his icon now to arrange an interview today.

Thomas Craemer, Ph.D.

Biography

Professor Thomas Craemer has used both traditional and new methods in survey research to investigate the psychology of race.

In 2015, Craemer estimated the value of slavery in the United States at between $5 and $14 trillion. The often-cited statistic uses a different approach from most previous economic models, which calculated the benefit of the work performed by enslaved people to their owners. Instead, he calculated the cost of slavery to the enslaved people themselves. “What the slave owner gained was only the 10 or 12 hours that the slave worked per day,” Craemer says. “But the enslaved lost all 24 hours of the day.”

He has also used reaction time measures to tap people’s implicit racial attitudes and published a number of papers based on that research. His paper on “Implicit Closeness to Blacks, Support for Affirmative Action, Slavery Reparations, and Vote Intentions for Barack Obama in the 2008 Elections” received the International Society of Political Psychology’s Roberta Sigel Award in 2010.

Between 2007 and 2012, he accompanied Department of Public Policy graduate students to do research and volunteer for Hurricane Katrina relief in New Orleans. In 2012 and 2013, Craemer took groups of students to Haiti to volunteer for earthquake reconstruction and conduct research on racial stereotypes in the U.S. media coverage of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Areas of Expertise

Slavery Reparations
Diversity and Inclusion
Race Related Policies
Race Relations
Psychology of Race
Race
Public Opinion and Survey Research

Education

Stony Brook University

Ph.D.

Political Science

2005

Stony Brook University

M.A.

Political Science

2002

University of Tuebingen

Doctorate

Political Science

2001

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Media Appearances

Is Now the Right Time for Black Americans to Get Our Reparations?

Ebony  online

2024-08-12

Thomas Craemer, a public policy associate professor at the University of Connecticut and fellow author of the reparations journal, underscores the urgency of tangible action. "I think any federal reparations bill should contain not only 'a conversation' or a 'commission to study reparations.' Much research has already been done," he states, adding that it is time for a down payment large enough to close the national average per-capita Black-white wealth gap.

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Descendants of the enslaved who built SLU say the institution owes them up to $74 billion

St. Louis Public Radio  radio

2024-02-08

University of Connecticut associate professor Thomas Craemer and labor economist Julianne Malveaux used primary sources and historical wage data to calculate the value of the wages.

“The amounts that we’re talking about start at $361 million and go up to $70 billion depending on the interest rate – 3% on the low end and 6% on the high end,” Malveaux said.

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Reparations over formerly enslaved people has a long history: 4 essential reads on why the idea remains unresolved

The Conversation  online

2023-06-01

As a professor of public policy who has studied reparations, Thomas Craemer estimates the losses from unpaid wages and lost inheritances to Black descendants of the enslaved in America at around US$20 trillion in 2021 dollars.

“But what often gets forgotten by those who oppose reparations is that payouts for slavery have been made before,” Craemer wrote . “But those payments went to former slave owners and their descendants, not the enslaved or their legal heirs.”

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Articles

There was a time reparations were actually paid out – just not to formerly enslaved people

The Conversation

2021-02-26

The cost of slavery and its legacy of systemic racism to generations of Black Americans has been clear over the past year – seen in both the racial disparities of the pandemic and widespread protests over police brutality.

Yet whenever calls for reparations are made – as they are again now – opponents counter that it would be unfair to saddle a debt on those not personally responsible. In the words of then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, speaking on Juneteenth – the day Black Americans celebrate as marking emancipation – in 2019, “I don’t think reparations for something that happened 150 years ago for whom none of us currently living are responsible is a good idea.”

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International Reparations for Slavery and Slave Trade

Journal of Black Studies

2018

This article compares German Holocaust reparations with reparations regarding slavery and the slave trade in the United States and beyond. I review many historical reparations measures (proposed and realized) making them comparable in 2016 U.S. dollars. Based on slave-ship manifests, I investigate how reparations for the slave trade may be distributed.

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Implicit Black identification and stereotype threat among African American students

Social Science Research

2017

This study detects statistically significant and substantively large stereotype threat effects that would remain hidden if Black identification were measured only explicitly. Three hundred and fifty-one students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) were tested on an implicit Black identification measure in an online survey, and stereotype threat was manipulated beforehand by randomly presenting one of three introductory screens: an all-White research team (high-threat condition), an all-Black research team (low-threat condition), or no team picture (control condition).

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