Jan D. Hirsch
Founding Dean, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences UC Irvine
- Irvine CA
Jan Hirsch's research interests are focused in the areas of pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research.
Media
Social
Biography
Previously she was Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Chair of the Division of Clinical Pharmacy at the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, at the University of California, San Diego. She was also Executive Director of an outreach program of the school providing medication therapy management services in the community. She received her B.S. in Pharmacy and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pharmacy Administration from the University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy. Prior to returning to academia, she spent 14 years in the pharmaceutical and managed care industries where she was responsible for establishing and managing outcomes research departments for two pharmaceutical companies (Glaxo Group Research in Greenford (UK) and Allergan (US)) and a pharmacy benefit management company (Prescription Solutions (US)).
Dr. Hirsch's research interests are focused in the areas of pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research. Specifically, i) assessing the full value (economic, clinical and humanistic) of pharmacy services and pharmaceuticals and ii) integrating patient reported outcomes (PRO's) [e.g. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)] into pharmaceutical and medical practice to improve patient management.
She has served as PI or Co-PI for many studies evaluating the clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes for patients receiving novel pharmacy services for diabetes, hypertension, mental health, and HIV/AIDS. This research has been recognized by state and federal agencies, professional pharmacy organizations and the interdisciplinary National Academies of Practice. Dr. Hirsch has also been the PI for studies creating and/or validating four HRQOL instruments [Functional Living Index Emesis (FLIE), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Gout Impact Scale (GIS), Heart Transplant Treatment Burden Questionnaire (HTBQ)] and a method for measuring medication regimen complexity (MRCI). Each of these has been an important contribution to clinical practice and research as evidenced by their uptake by other researchers and inclusion in more than 100 clinical trials.
Areas of Expertise
Accomplishments
Distinguished Scholar and Fellow National Academies of Practice in Pharmacy (NAP)
2018
Distinguished Scholar and Fellows have an exemplary career of ten years or more, and are committed to interprofessional practice and accessible, affordable healthcare for all. Fellows are judged by distinguished peers to have made significant and ongoing contributions in their profession.
Distinguished Scholar and Fellows have made notable academic achievements such as significant and enduring educational and/or research contribution to practice.
Distinguished Fellow of Get the Medications Right Institute (GTMRx)
2019
The GTMRx Distinguished Fellows program celebrates the exceptional contributions of those advancing our ability to enhance life by ensuring appropriate and personalized use of medication and gene therapies.
Distinguished Fellows drive innovation, policy, and work alongside like-minded national leaders to advance evidence, best practices, and ideas to accelerate the transformation to a team-based, person-centered approach to comprehensive medication management.
Excellence in Teaching Award
2004
UCSD
Distinguished Alumni Award
2002
University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy
Education
University of South Carolina
MS
Pharmacy Administration
1982
University of South Carolina
Ph.D.
Pharmacy Administration
1986
University of South Carolina
BS
Pharmacy
1980
Affiliations
- American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA)
- Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP)
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP)
- California Pharmacists Association (CPhA)
- National Academies of Practice (NAP)
- Applied Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Forum
- Get the Medications Right (GTMRx) Institute
Languages
- English
Media Appearances
Should Kids Take Ozempic, Wegovy? The Idea Has Some Experts Worried
HealthDay online
2023-08-30
“Our major concern is the unbalance and inappropriate reductions in calorie or energy intake associated with these weight-loss drugs,” said Dr. Dan Cooper, a professor of pediatrics at UCI School of Medicine. … Co-author Jan Hirsch, [founding] dean of the UCI School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences [and professor of clinical pharmacy], said, … "These drugs administered without proper supervision could cause a minefield of health and emotional problems for children as they age." … “News about GLP-1RA agonists has infiltrated social media outlets …. “ said Dr. Emma Cooper, a resident in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at UCI School of Medicine.
Pharmacists in Nontraditional Roles Are Not Included in Bureau of Labor Statistics Count of Working Pharmacists
Pharmacy Times online
2023-02-14
Jan Hirsch, BS, PhD, FNAP, UCI founding dean and professor of clinical pharmacy in the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences write, “Collective action among stakeholders is needed to first produce an inclusive count of pharmacists giving accurate visibility to the magnitude of pharmacists in non-traditional roles, and second to re-examine projections for pharmacist jobs using an inclusive view for all positions that value pharmacy training and expertise. These are essential steps to allow an accurate perception of pharmacy as a career path and meaningful workforce planning that ensures the profession will be prepared with an adequately trained workforce to meet health care needs of the future.”
UC Irvine welcomes inaugural class of pharmacy school with white coat ceremony
Daily Pilot online
2021-09-24
“It’s not just students but our faculty too,” said Jan Hirsch, founding dean of the school, in a call Thursday.
UCI to welcome inaugural Pharm.D. class with white coat ceremony
Drug Store News online
2021-09-14
"We are thrilled to welcome the first cohort of Pharm.D. students, who are the next generation of pharmacists who will help people live healthier, better lives,” said Jan Hirsch, founding dean of UCI’s School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Gaps Feared if Hospitals, Pharmacies Sole Covid Vaccine Source
Bloomberg online
2021-01-08
“As the COVID-19 vaccines start rolling out, pharmacists will be key to the rapid and equitable distribution and administration of doses, just as they have been with COVID-19 testing,” said Jan D. Hirsch, founding dean of the UCI’s School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, said in a statement.
New faculty faces
UCI News online
2019-10-14
Jan Hirsch, director and founding dean of UCI’s planned School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, who is an acclaimed researcher, pharmacist and organizational leader with experience in bridging academics, scholarship and clinical practice in the private and public sectors;
Preferred Pronouns
Preferred Pronouns
She, Her, Hers
Research Focus
Gout disease-specific quality of life and the association with gout characteristics
2010-07-01
Assess the association of gout characteristics with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using a new gout-specific HRQoL instrument, the Gout Impact Scale (GIS).
Evaluation of an Instrument Assessing Influence of Gout on Health-Related Quality of Life
2008-12-01
The study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of an instrument assessing the influence of gout (acute and chronic) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Research Grants
Assessment of Stakeholder Perspectives of the Clinical Utility of Pharmacogenomics in Solid Organ Transplantation
Skaggs Scholar Program
2017-07-01
The focus of the study is to assess stakeholder perspectives regarding the clinical utility of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing following kidney, liver, and heart transplantation. The study conducted by individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups with kidney, liver, and heart transplantation patients and providers.
Reducing Hospital Utilization (Readmissions and ED) Community Pharmacist Medication Reconciliation Program
United Healthcare
2016-09-30
A longitudinal study seeking to reduce hospital reutilization (readmission and ER utilization) by adding community pharmacists to the care team. The objective of the study is to conduct and evaluate implementation of a community pharmacy based transitions of care program (PharmD_TOC)for high-risk post-discharge patients.
The study runs from September 2016 to January 2021.
Multidimensional Efficacy of Canukinumab vs. Triamcinolone for Gouty Arthritis Treatment
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
2012-09-03
Canakinumab (CAN), a selective, fully human, anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody, may be a potential therapeutic option for treating acute gout attacks and delaying new attacks in these patients (pts). Efficacy and safety of canakinumab was previously demonstrated in two 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, double dummy, active controlled trials (β-RELIEVED [N=228]; β-RELIEVED II [N=226]).1 Health-related quality of life was also measured in these studies, but not all patients completed each questionnaire. Therefore, a composite health outcomes response endpoint was developed to better interpret each patient’s overall response to treatment.
Medication Regimen Complexity Methods and Measurement in Defined Clinical Populations
Skaggs Scholars Program
2011-07-04
An investigation of medication regimen complexity in four disease areas (hypertension, diabetes, geriatric depression and HIV), and additional measures of medication risk that should also be included in assessing the “complexity” of medication regimens in these patient populations, as a method of identifying patients who may benefit most from pharmacist intervention.
Pilot Project for Medication Therapy Management (MTM) – PharmD/MD Collaborative Practice in Primary Care.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) - National Heart, Lung and Blood (NHLBI - 1RC2HL101811-01)
2009-09-02
A randomized, pragmatic, clinical trial of hypertensive patients randomly selected to receive care from a pharmacist within a PharmD-MD Collaborative Practice team in a university primary care clinic.
A pilot study of a pharmacist-led Medication Therapy Management Services (MTMS) in Mental Health Clinic
California Department of Healthcare Services
2010-04-08
Challenges and opportunities associated with needs assessment, implementation, and reimbursement of a psychiatric pharmacist medication therapy management (MTM) clinic.
Validation of the Gout Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ) in a non-clinical trial population.
TAP Pharmaceuticals
2004-01-05
The objectives of this study were to further the development of a gout-specific quality of life instrument to enhance its use in clinical practice and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the new Gout Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ2.0) in a large community-based population.
Gout Impact (GI of GAQ2.0) Responsiveness and Minimal Important Difference Evaluation
TAP Pharmaceuticals
2007-05-02
A longitudinal study of gout patients investigating the responsiveness and minimal important difference (MID) of the GAQ2.0 to aid interpretation of results when the instrument is used in clinical trials or clinical practice to monitor change in gout status.
Articles
National survey of physicians’ perspectives on pharmacogenetic testing in solid organ transplantation. Clinical Transplantation.
PubMedKM Deininger, SM Tsunoda, JD Hirsch, HD Anderson, YM Lee, CK McIlvennan, RL Page, JN Tran, CL Aquilante
2020
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Local pharmacies can reduce the dual risks of COVID19 and influenza this fall. Now is the time to prepare.
The HillJH Watanabe and JD Hirsch
2020
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
PaCIR: A Tool to Enhance Pharmacist Patient Care Intervention Reporting
Journal of the American Pharmacists AssociationPG Clay, AL Burns, BJ Isetts, JD Hirsch, MA Kliethermes, LG Planas
2019
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Patterns of Stress, Coping and Health-Related Quality of Life in Doctor of Pharmacy Students
American Journal of Pharmaceutical EducationJD Hirsch, P Nemlekar, P Phuong, KA Hollenbach, KC Lee, DS Adler and CM Morello
2020
To examine perceived stress, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life in Doctor of Pharmacy students across the first three years (pre-clinical portion) of the curriculum.
Improved glycemic control outcomes regardless of mental health disorders in a pharmacist-endocrinologist diabetes intense medical management (DIMM) “tune up” clinic.
Annals of PharmacotherapyCM Morello, T Nguyen, L Tao, JD Hirsch
2020
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Advancing Pharmacist Collaborative Care within Academic Health Systems
PharmacyL Awdishu, R Singh, I Saunders, J Hirsch, S Lorentz, R Atayee, J Ma, S Tsunoda, J Namba, C Mnatzaganian, N Painter, J Watanabe, F Yam, K Lee, C Daniels, C Morello
2019
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Evaluation of a Short, Interactive Diabetes Self-Management Program by Pharmacists for Type 2 Diabetes
BMC Research NotesRF Singh, P Kelly, A Tam, J Bronner, CM Morello, JD Hirsch
2018
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Federal and Patient Spending on Ten Most Expensive Medications in Medicare Part D from 2011 to 2015
Journal of the American Geriatrics SocietyJH Watanabe, JD Hirsch
2018
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Estimated Cost-Effectiveness, Cost Benefit, and Risk Reduction Associated with an Endocrinologist-Pharmacist Diabetes Intense Medical Management “Tune-Up” Clinic
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty PharmacyHirsch et al
2017
In 2012 U.S. diabetes costs were estimated to be $245 billion, with $176 billion related to direct diabetes treatment and associated complications. Although a few studies have reported positive glycemic and economic benefits for diabetes patients treated under primary care physician (PCP)-pharmacist collaborative practice models, no studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of an endocrinologist-pharmacist collaborative practice model treating complex diabetes patients versus usual PCP care for similar patients.
Cost of Prescription Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality
Annals of PharmacotherapyJH Watanabe, T McInnis, JD Hirsch
2018
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Economic Impact of and Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes
American Journal of Managed CareJD Hirsch, CM Morello
2017
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Estimated Cost-Effectiveness, Cost-Benefit, and Risk Reduction Associated with a Pharmacist-Endocrinologist Diabetes Intense Medical Management “Tune Up” Clinic.
Journal of Managed Care and Specialty PharmacyJD Hirsch, M Bounthavong, A Arjmand, DR Ha, CL Cadiz, A Zimmerman, H Ourth, AP Morreale, SV Edelman, CM Morello
2017
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Strategies for Addressing the Cost of Nonadherence in Diabetes
American Journal of Managed CareCM Morello, JD Hirsch
2017
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Student Pharmacists' Perceptions of Immunizations
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and LearningK Kubli, S McBane, JD Hirsch, S Lorentz
2017
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Clinical Outcomes Associated With a Collaborative Pharmacist-Endocrinologist Diabetes Intense Medical Management “Tune Up” Clinic in Complex Patients
Annals of PharmacotherapyCM Morello, MLD Christopher, L Ortega, J Khoan, T Rotunno, SV Edelman, RR Henry, JD Hirsch
2016
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Primary Care–based, Pharmacist–physician Collaborative Medication-therapy Management of Hypertension: A Randomized, Pragmatic Trial
Clinical TherapeuticsHirsch et al
2014
A collaborative pharmacist–primary care provider (PharmD-PCP) team approach to medication-therapy management (MTM), with pharmacists initiating and changing medications at separate office visits, holds promise for the cost-effective management of hypertension, but has not been evaluated in many systematic trials. The primary objective of this study was to examine blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients managed by a newly formed PharmD-PCP MTM team versus usual care in a university-based primary care clinic.
Changes in medication regimen complexity and the risk for 90-day hospital readmission and/or emergency department visits in U.S. Veterans with heart failure
Res Social Adm PharmFK Yam, T Lew, SA Eraly, WI Hsiang, JD Hirsch, MJ Devor
2016
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Validation of a Patient‐Level Medication Regimen Complexity Index as a Possible Tool to Identify Patients for Medication Therapy Management Intervention
PharmacotherapyJan D. Hirsch, Kelli R. Metz, Patrick W Hosokawa, Anne M. Libby et al
2014
The Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI ) is a 65‐item instrument that can be used to quantify medication regimen complexity at the patient level, capturing all prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications. Although the MRCI has been used in several studies, the narrow scope of the initial validation limits application at a population or clinical practice level.
A Composite Endpoint Measure to Consolidate Multidimensional Impact of Treatment on Gouty Arthritis
Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune DiseasesAJ Sarkin, A Gnanasakthy, RS Lale, KJ Choi, JD Hirsch
2013
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Efficacy of Canakinumab vs. triamcinolone acetonide according to multiple gouty arthritis‐related health outcomes measures
International Journal of Clinical PracticeJD Hirsch, A Gnanasakthy, R Lale, K Choi, AJ Sarkin
2014
Canakinumab (CAN ), a selective, fully human, anti‐IL ‐1β monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated long‐term benefits in gouty arthritis (GA ) patients, who have contraindications for, or are unresponsive or intolerant of, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID s) or colchicine (two trials:β‐RELIEVED [n = 228]; β‐RELIEVED II [n = 226]). The trials collected different responses, including patient‐reported outcomes (PRO ). A composite response end‐point (CRE ) was used to interpret each patient's overall response to treatment.
Navigating complex patients using an innovative tool: The MTM Spider Web
Journal of American Pharmacists AssociationCM Morello, JD Hirsch, KC Lee.
2013
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Patient-level medication regimen complexity in older adults with depression
Clinical TherapeuticsSA Linnebur, JP Vande Griend, KR Metz, PW Hosokawa, JD Hirsch, AM Libby
2014
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Development of a Pharmacist-Psychiatrist Collaborative Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Clinic
Journal of the American Pharmacists AssociationKB Tallian, JD Hirsch, GM Kuo, C Chang, T Gilmer, M Messinger, P Chan, CE Daniels, KC Lee
2012
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Documenting and Describing the Value of Medication Therapy Management Services (MTMS) and Outcomes in Community Pharmacy: Methods and Case Study
California PharmacistJD Hirsch, KC Lee, CM Morello
2011
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Patient-Level Medication Regimen Complexity Across Populations with Chronic Disease
Clinical TherapeuticsAM Libby, DN Fish, PW Hosokawa, SA Linnebur, KR Metz, KV Nair, JJ Saseen, JP Vande Griend, SP Vu, JD Hirsch
2013
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Medication Use, and Health Care Costs During 3 Years of a Community Pharmacy Medication Therapy Management Program for Medi-Cal Beneficiaries with HIV/AIDS
Journal of Managed Care PharmacyJ D Hirsch, M Gonzales, A Rosenquist, TA Miller, TP Gilmer, BM Best
2011
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Minimally Important Differences of the Gout Impact Scale in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Rheumatology (Oxford)D Khanna, AJ Sarkin, MM Shieh, AF Kavanaugh, RA Terkeltaub, SJ Lee, JA Singh, JD Hirsch
2011
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Health Care Utilization in Patients with Gout.
Seminars in Arthritis and RheumatismJA Singh, A Sarkin , M Shieh, D Khanna, R Terkeltaub, SJ Lee, A Kavanaugh, JD Hirsch
2011
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Impact of Gout on Health Related Quality of Life and the Relationship to Gout Characteristics
Patient Related Outcome MeasuresJD Hirsch, R Terkeltaub, D Khanna, J Singh, A Sarkin, M Shieh, A Kavanaugh, SJ Lee
2010
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Medication Therapy Management Services in Community Pharmacy: A Pilot Program in HIV Specialty Pharmacies
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical PracticeA Rosenquist, BM Best, TA Miller, TP Gilmer, JD Hirsch
2010
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Pharmacists as Immunizers: A California Survey
California PharmacistJ Fontanesi, JD Hirsch, S Lorentz, J Rybar
2009
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Predictors of Doctor-Rated and Patient-Rated Gout Severity: Gout Impact Scales Improve Assessment
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical PracticeAJ Sarkin, AE Levack, MM Sheih, AF Kavanaugh, D Khanna, JA Singh, RA Terkeltaub, SJ Lee, JD Hirsch
2010
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Comparison of Pharmacists and Primary Care Providers as Immunizers
The American Journal of Pharmacy BenefitsJ Fontanesi, JD Hirsch, Lorentz S, Rybar, D Bowers, J Shafrin
2009
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Students’ Health-Related Quality of Life Across the Preclinical Pharmacy Curriculum
American Journal of Pharmaceutical EducationJD Hirsch, AH Do, AS Manoguerra, D Adler
2009
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Evaluation of an Instrument Assessing Gout Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life
Journal of RheumatologyJD Hirsch, SJ Lee, R Terkeltaub, D Khanna, J Singh, A Sarkin, J Harvey, A Kavanaugh
2008
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Evaluation of the first year of a pilot program in community pharmacy: HIV/AIDS medication therapy management for Medi-Cal beneficiaries
Journal of Managed Care PharmacyJD Hirsch, A Rosenquist, BM Best, TA Miller, TP Gilmer
2009
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
Patient request for pharmacist counseling and satisfaction: Automated prescription delivery system vs. regular pick-up counter
Journal of the American Pharmacists AssociationJD Hirsch, A Oen, S Robertson, N Nguyen, C Daniels
2009
https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/e63a2ee611561a5c7d8d0122405801fe1602693325.pdf
