Greg Tolley, Ph.D.
Expert in marine ecology
- Fort Myers FL UNITED STATES
Greg Tolley studies estuaries, including the ecology of oyster reefs and the impact of freshwater inflow on estuarine ecosystems.
Media
Social Media
Biography
Dr. Tolley's research focuses on how variation in freshwater to estuaries can impact the ecology of estuarine organisms. He is also exploring the value of oyster reefs as an essential fish habitat.
Dr. Tolley was instrumental in developing the marine science program and has worked diligently in Southwest Florida to increase capacity and focus university research on coastal environments and the conservation of aquatic resources and natural assets that are used and enjoyed by Florida residents and visitors alike.
Areas of Expertise
Education
University of South Florida
Ph.D.
Marine Science
Marshall University
B.S.
Zoology
Selected Media Appearances
Will post-Sandy repairs be enough for the next big storm?
Associated Press online
2022-12-05
Greg Tolley explains why it is important to find more sustainable ways to live along the coast.
FGCU celebrates The Water School with open house
Florida Weekly online
2022-11-30
Greg Tolley celebrates the opening of The Water School.
New technology at FGCU’s Water School addressing water quality issues in SWFL
ABC7 tv
2022-11-21
Greg Tolley talks about the technology The Water School at FGCU has to offer.
Environmental events abound throughout Southwest Florida
WGCU online
2022-08-26
Greg Tolley discusses the Southwest Florida Climate & Community Initiative.
FGCU Water School opens its doors after three years
NBC2 tv
2022-05-13
Greg Tolley talks about opening to The Water School at FGCU to students, faculty and staff.
FGCU unveils new Water School building
Fox 4 tv
2022-05-12
Greg Tolley talks about opening to The Water School at FGCU to students, faculty and staff.
Southwest Florida leaders meet to fight back climate change
NBC2 tv
2021-10-11
Greg Tolley talks about climate change and the Southwest Florida Regional Resiliency Compact.
Red Tide causing hundreds of dead fish to wash up along Bonita Beach
Fox 4 tv
2020-12-17
Greg Tolley talks about red tide.
Ocean Habitats installs more than 70 artificial reefs in honor of Earth Day
NBC2 tv
2020-04-22
Greg Tolley explains why artificial reefs are an efficient concept.
Florida Gulf Coast University, Mote Marine join forces to fight red tide and blue-green algae
TC Palm print
2019-04-04
Greg Tolley discusses the budding partnership between The Water School at FGCU and Mote Marine Laboratory.
FGCU students hope Trump's visit to Lake Okeechobee brings change
Fox 4 tv
2019-03-28
Greg Tolley discusses President Trump's visit to Lake Okeechobee and the need for repairs to the Herbert Hoover Dike.
FGCU Water School created to be ‘shining example’
Florida Weekly print
2019-03-27
Greg Tolley is introduced as the founding executive director of The Water School at FGCU.
FGCU focusing on water quality through new program
Fox 4 tv
2019-03-22
Greg Tolley is introduced as the founding executive director of The Water School at FGCU.
FGCU launches Water School as it tries to expand research footprint
The News-Press print
2019-03-22
Greg Tolley discusses FGCU's plan for The Water School.
Sheepshead fish found with lesions covering body
Fox 4 tv
2019-03-04
Greg Tolley discusses fish illnesses.
Editorial: FGCU in position to lead on water quality research, state should allow it to
Naples Daily News print
2019-02-25
Greg Tolley makes the case for FGCU's ability to take the lead on water quality research.
Florida’s red tide hurting critical stone crab industry
New York Post
2019-01-29
Greg Tolley discusses the impacts of red tide on Florida ecosystems.
Florida red tide hurts stone crab industry
Fox News
2019-01-28
Greg Tolley describes the short and long-term ecological impacts of red tide.
Red tide levels up in Charlotte County, could be heading south
NBC2
2018-10-25
Greg Tolley discusses red tide on the coastline of Charlotte County.
Will Tropical Storm Gordon impact Southwest Florida's red tide, algae?
Fox 4
2018-09-03
Greg Tolley talks about the subtle interactions between tropical storms and Florida's red tide events.
The News-Press Save Our Water Summit
News-Press
2018-05-11
Greg Tolley speaks at the News-Press Save Our Water Summit at the Hyatt Regency Coconout Point resort.
Selected Event Appearances
Managing freshwater inflow to optimize prey production for young estuarine-dependent fishes in the Caloosahatchee Estuary
Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation Daytona Beach, Florida
2011-11-06
Oyster-reef restoration as a means of enhancing estuarine ecosystem function
Florida Oyster-reef Restoration Summit St. Petersburg, Florida
2007-03-15
Water Security
Save Our Water: Market Watch Summit Fort Myers, Florida
2018-05-11
Research Focus
Influence of freshwater inflow on estuarine ecosystems and aquatic resources
Tolley's current research interests focus on the influence of freshwater inflow on estuarine ecosystems and aquatic resources. This research addresses how variation in the timing, amount, and quality of freshwater delivered to estuaries influences the physiology of estuarine organisms, shapes community structure of oyster-reef and zooplankton assemblages, and impacts the potential value of oyster reefs as essential fish habitat.
Selected Research Grants
Freshwater inflow and utilization of the estuarine tributaries of Estero Bay
South Florida Water Management District
Sep 2004-Feb 2007
Long term monitoring of oysters (crassostrea virginica) in Southwest Florida: oyster monitoring in the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary, Florida
South Florida Water Management District
2010-2015
Research programs at Florida Gulf Coast University related to the study of coastal watersheds in Southwest
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Jul 2005-Jun 2007
Selected Articles
Recruitment of the crabs Eurypanopeus depressus, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, and Petrolisthes armatus to oyster reefs: the influence of freshwater inflow
Estuaries and CoastsTolley, Stephen Gregory, Bethany Bachelor Brosious, and Ernst Bryan Peebles.
2013
Oyster reefs provide structural habitat for resident crabs and fishes, most of which have planktonic larvae that are dependent upon transport/retention processes for successful settlement. High rates of freshwater inflow have the potential to disrupt these processes, creating spatial gaps between larval distribution and settlement habitat. To investigate whether inflow can impact subsequent recruitment to oyster reefs, densities of crab larvae and post-settlement juveniles and adults were compared in Estero Bay, Florida, over 22 months (2005–2006). Three species were selected for comparison: Petrolisthes armatus, Eurypanopeus depressus, and Rhithropanopeus harrisii. All are important members of oyster reef communities in Southwest Florida; all exhibit protracted spawning, with larvae present throughout the year; and each is distributed unevenly on reefs in different salinity regimes. Recruitment to oyster reefs was positively correlated with bay-wide larval supply at all five reefs examined. Species-specific larval connectivity to settlement sites was altered by inflow: where connectivity was enhanced by increased inflow, stock–recruitment curves were linear; where connectivity was reduced by high inflows, stock–recruitment curves were asymptotic at higher larval densities. Maximum recruit density varied by an order of magnitude among reefs. Although live oyster density was a good indicator of habitat quality in regard to crab density, it did not account for the high variability in recruit densities. Variation in recruit density at higher levels of larval supply may primarily be caused by inflow-induced variation in larval connectivity, creating an abiotic simulation of what has widely been regarded as density dependence in stock–recruitment curves.
A broader view of ecosystem services related to oyster restoration
Marine Ecology Progress SeriesCoen, LD, RD Brumbaugh, D Bushek, R Grizzle, MW Luckenbach, MH Posey, SP Powers & SG Tolley
2007
The importance of restoring filter-feeders, such as the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, to mitigate the effects of eutrophication (e.g. in Chesapeake Bay) is currently under debate. The argument that bivalve molluscs alone cannot control phytoplankton blooms and reduce hypoxia oversimplifies a more complex issue, namely that ecosystem engineering species make manifold contributions to ecosystem services. Although further discussion and research leading to a more complete understanding is required, oysters and other molluscs (e.g. mussels) in estuarine ecosystems provide services far beyond the mere top-down control of phytoplankton blooms, such as (1) seston filtration, (2) benthic–pelagic coupling, (3) creation of refugia from predation, (4) creation of feeding habitat for juveniles and adults of mobile species, and for sessile stages of species that attach to molluscan shells, and (5) provision of nesting habitat.
Environmental significance of freshets in reducing Perkinsus marinus infection in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica: Potential management applications
Marine Ecology Progress SeriesLa Peyre, MK, AD Nickens, AK Volety, SG Tolley & JF La Peyre
2003
The effects of extreme freshwater events on Perkinsus marinus–Crassostrea virginica interactions remain unexplored. The effects of freshwater events on P. marinus infection in C. virginica and oyster survival were therefore examined in controlled laboratory experiments and a field study. For the laboratory experiments, oysters were collected in spring, summer and winter from an area in Louisiana where P. marinus is endemic. Oysters were placed in 2 recirculating water systems at a salinity and temperature similar to their collection site. They were subjected to 2 salinity treatments (freshet and control). Freshet events were simulated by reducing the water to salinities of 0 to 1 ppt over a 48 h period, and maintained for a 21 d period. Control oysters were maintained at the initial salinity. Thirty oysters were sampled prior to the freshet event, and 30 oysters per treatment group (freshet, control) were sampled on Days 7, 14 and 21 after initiation of the freshet event. Oyster mortality, P. marinus infection intensities, oyster condition index and oyster plasma osmolality were measured in weekly samples. All 3 simulated freshet events (i.e. spring, summer, winter) resulted in a significant reduction in P. marinus infection intensity, but failed to eliminate infection. The failure of the oyster plasma to reach very low osmolality (
The role of oysters in habitat use of oyster reefs by resident fishes and decapod crustaceans
Journal of Shellfish ResearchTolley, SG & AK Volety
2005
To assess the role of live oysters in providing habitat, community metrics of resident fishes and decapod crustaceans were compared among 3 habitat treatments: live oyster clusters; cleaned, articulated shell and sand bottom. Sampling was conducted during three seasonally wet and three seasonally dry months using 1-m2 lift nets deployed on an intertidal oyster reef in the Caloosahatchee estuary, Florida. Metrics used to assess relative habitat value included organism density, biomass and species richness. Species-specific comparisons were also made. Results indicate that organism density, biomass and richness were all greater for treatments with shell (live oyster clusters or cleaned, articulated shell) compared with the sand-bottom (no-shell) treatment. Two patterns emerged from species-specific comparisons: (1) species found in live and articulated shell (e.g., flatback mud crab, green porcelain crab) might require shelter; and (2) species found in association with articulated, cleaned shell (i.e., frillfin goby) might use empty oyster boxes for spawning substrate. There was little evidence to suggest that any of the decapods or fishes present were specifically selecting habitat with living oysters present.
Acute response of the estuarine crab Eurypanopeus depressus to salinity and desiccation stress
Journal of Crustacean BiologyHorn, Julie Van, and S. Gregory Tolley.
2009
Hemolymph osmolality changes following exposure to abrupt salinity change in the range of 5–40 ppt (T=26∘C, full air saturation) and upon exposure to air (T=23∘C,r.h. =30/ were investigated in the flatback mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith, 1869), a dominant species on oyster reefs in Southwest Florida. During salinity trials, hemolymph osmolality of E. depressus ranged from 751±123 mOsmol kg−1 at 5 ppt (214±32 mOsmol kg−1) to 1188±81 mOsmol kg−1 at 40 ppt (1188±29 mOsmol kg−1). In the salinity range of 5–15 ppt E. depressus exhibited a hyperosmotic pattern of osmoregulation while at 30 and 40 ppt it conformed. In all cases stable hemolymph osmotic concentration was reached in less than 24h. During desiccation trials, hemolymph osmolality of E. depressus ranged from 971±121 mOsmol kg−1 for unexposed crabs to 1132±169 mOsmol kg−1 after 90min of exposure. The information obtained from this study adds to knowledge of crustacean stress physiology and may give a clearer picture of the important factors involved in population distribution and the consequences of multiple stressors that may affect the crabs or their oyster-reef habitat.