Additional Dwelling Units (ADUs)

Should Seniors explore this option for unlocking equity in their home?

Dec 18, 2024

5 min

Sue Pimento

Summary: In a previous post, I wrote about the need for more creative solutions to the cost of housing.  I also spoke to the housing shortage and the steep downpayment rules we continue to face. At the same time, the need for retirement income and an increased focus on "aging in place" has more and more property owners looking for solutions.  Here, we explore why adding secondary living spaces to their properties, commonly referred to as Additional Dwelling Units (ADUs), is something you may want to consider.


What Are ADUs?

ADUs are fully equipped residential units situated on the same lot as a single-family home. They offer a distinct and private living arrangement while maintaining proximity to the main house. These living spaces may be integrated into the primary residence—such as a transformed garage or basement—or exist as independent structures, including small cottages or apartments.


Why ADUs Are Gaining in Popularity

ADUs can fulfill a broad range of needs, from accommodating aging relatives or adult children to creating a valuable source of rental income for homeowners. This income could assist seniors with cash flow and substantially boost their property's overall value. But is an ADU right for you? Before answering this, let's first take a brief look at their advantages and the rules and regulations governing the conversion or construction of such structures.


Types of ADUs


ADUs encompass a variety of secondary suites or dwelling units, primarily categorized as attached, detached, and semi-detached structures. Attached ADUs arise when homeowners convert existing spaces, such as basements, into livable areas. In contrast, detached ADUs consist of separate structures built apart from the principal residence.


Laneway Houses / Laneway Suites: These small, detached units are constructed in the backyard or along the laneways of existing properties, maximizing the use of available space.


Garden Suites: Similar to laneway houses, garden suites are secondary residences in the primary home's backyard. They offer self-sufficient living environments and are increasingly favoured for boosting housing density in urban settings while preserving the character of residential neighbourhoods.


Basement Apartments: Self-contained living spaces in the basement of a residential property. These usually have a distinct entrance. In-law Units (In-law Suites, In-law Flats) are separate living sections within a single-family home that cater to relatives, providing a comfortable space for parents or in-laws.


Detached Garages: These standalone structures are separate from the main house and traditionally store vehicles. They can also serve as storage areas or workshops. Adding a second-story apartment above garages is popular. Parking is premium in cities, and these structures provide the best of both worlds: keeping parking, storage, and adding living quarters above.


Carriage Houses and Coach Houses: Originally designed as outbuildings on larger estates to store horse-drawn carriages, carriage houses, and coach houses have often been repurposed as living accommodations, guest houses, or rental units while maintaining their historic architecture.


The Benefits of ADUs


Additional Dwelling Units (ADUs) are indispensable in alleviating housing shortages and addressing affordability challenges within various communities. They also offer a wide range of personal and economic advantages for homeowners and tenants searching for budget-friendly rental options. Some key benefits include:


An Aging-in-Place Option for Seniors: ADUs can allow elderly relatives to stay in their community and maintain an important sense of connection with neighbours, friends, and family.


Rental Income: Homeowners can establish a dependable revenue stream with an ADU. These units represent a highly appealing affordable housing alternative.


Accommodation for Adult Children: An ADU can provide temporary living arrangements to adult children who may not be able to buy into the housing market or who want to be closer to their aging parents.


Dedicated Office/Creative Space: With more people working from home part-time or going entirely virtual, ADU can provide a more professional and comfortable work environment


But There's Another Payoff for ADUs 


Beyond these apparent benefits, I'm also struck by how ADUs can help us cultivate a stronger sense of community and intergenerational connection. Let me unpack this more and list some unique attributes of ADUs that make them so vital to our housing strategy:


Affordability: ADUs can also be more affordable than standalone houses, making them increasingly attractive for individuals or small families looking for budget-conscious living options.


Connection: ADUs are much closer to the primary residence. This allows younger renters to forge more meaningful relationships and interactions with their homeowners (many of whom are seniors).


Equity: For renters who want to move beyond an apartment or condo but lack the financial means, ADUs could present a great alternative. They also provide a unique way to give renters access to neighbourhoods where housing availability is a challenge. For young families, renting an ADU could allow them to place their children in better schools that require residency in the school district.


Support: As we age, we are more likely to need help maintaining our homes. For example, help with yard work and snow removal could be traded for reduced rent.  There is much to be said about the comfort and safety of having someone live a few steps away for our older generation. 


ADUs are a Key Part of the Government's Housing Strategy


The Federal Government just announced the expansion of the Canada Secondary Suite Loan Program. Here's what you need to know:


  • The loan amount has been increased to $80,000, and it has a 2% interest rate and a 15-year repayment term. 
  • In addition to the Secondary Suite Loan Program, homeowners can refinance with insured mortgages to help cover the cost of adding a secondary suite, starting January 15, 2025.
  • Lenders and insurers will begin allowing mortgage refinancing of up to 90 percent of the post-renovation value of their home up to $2 million, amortized for up to 30 years.
  • Homeowners can use this loan program and mortgage financing to help cover the cost of adding a secondary suite.


These developments should get us all thinking more about the possibilities of ADUs. The benefits for many people and the clear intergenerational win-win exchanges are compelling. Given the impact they could yield for seniors in unlocking the value of their home equity and the compelling social benefits they offer for communities, I'll be exploring ADUs in much more detail over the coming year. Stay tuned.


Don’t Retire … Re-Wire!


Sue

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Sue Pimento

Sue Pimento

Founder | CEO

Writer, author & presenter focused on financial literacy and retirement strategies. I advocate for the health, wealth & purpose for retirees

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Former bank executive and Retire with Equity founder says "fear of running out" reflects a structural gap in retirement system design — not a failure of individual planning TORONTO, ON — July 23, 2026 — Susan Pimento, founder of Retire with Equity, is a co-author to The Canadian retirement evolution: Why financial institutions and policymakers must rethink retirement, a new report published today by EY examining how Canada's retirement landscape is changing — and why the systems built to support retirees are struggling to keep pace. The report arrives amid a structural shift in how Canadians fund retirement: in 1990, over 70 percent of Canadian workplace pension plans were defined-benefit schemes providing predictable lifelong income; by 2022, that figure had fallen to 37 percent — shifting investment risk, and the fear of running out onto individuals. Drawing on more than 30 years of senior leadership in Canadian banking and frontline lending, including serving as Vice President at a Schedule I bank, Pimento contributed a framework that groups Canadian retirees into three primary categories, each with distinct financial circumstances and priorities — a lens designed to help financial institutions and policymakers move beyond one-size-fits-all retirement planning. Sue Pimento is also the author of the forthcoming Your Retirement Reset: How to Convert Home Equity into Financial Security (ECW Press, to be released September 2026), "Fear of running out — FORO — reflects a structural gap in retirement system design, not a failure of individual planning," said Pimento. "Most retirement frameworks were built for accumulation rather than sustainable income in later life. Canadians aren't failing their retirement plans. In many cases, the plans were never designed for the retirement they're actually living." Pimento's contribution reflects the research focus of Retire with Equity, which provides retirement intelligence to Canada's financial sector on its fastest-growing and wealthiest demographic: adults 55 and over. Her forthcoming book examines how home equity — the largest asset most Canadian households hold — can be strategically converted into retirement income, and argues it belongs in every retirement conversation and product roadmap. "The industry has spent decades perfecting how Canadians save," Pimento added. "The next decade will be judged on how well we help them spend — sustainably, confidently, and without fear." The EY Report: "Canadian Retirement Evolution" is publicly available at: https://www.ey.com/en_ca/insights/financial-services/canadas-retirement-evolution Media availability: Susan Pimento is available for interviews and commentary on: retirement income design the three categories of Canadian retirees financial strategies for aging in place Intergenerational financial conversations about money (between seniors and their adult children) home equity strategies new ways for government and banks to serve the 55+ demographic About Susan Pimento Susan Pimento brings deep experience to the conversation on modern retirement strategies in Canada. With over 30 years of senior leadership in banking and frontline lending — including serving as Vice President at a Schedule I bank — she now advises financial institutions and policymakers on how to modernize retirement solutions and engage Canada's fastest-growing, wealthiest demographic: adults 55+. She is the founder of Retire with Equity and author of Your Retirement Reset: How to Convert Home Equity into Financial Security (ECW Press, September 2026). . Media Contact: Susan Pimento Website: www.retirewithequity.ca Email: sue@retirewithequity.ca

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Summary: Since its inception in 1957, the Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) has been a cornerstone of Canada’s retirement system. However, the RRSP has taken on roles far beyond its original mandate, notably through the Home Buyers’ Plan (HBP) and the Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP). Although these programs provide short-term benefits, they significantly damage the long-term health of Canadians' retirement savings. This article explores how these additional roles are sabotaging retirement savings, highlights statistics about the state of RRSPs today, and discusses the disastrous impact these trends will have on future retirees. If you’re 55 and wondering whether your RRSP is on track, the latest numbers may surprise you. Recent data suggest that the average Canadian aged 55 has approximately $180,000 in their RRSP. But averages can be misleading because a relatively small number of very large accounts pull the number higher. A better measure of what most Canadians have actually saved is the median RRSP balance, which sits at approximately $146,000. In other words, half of Canadians have saved less than that. Even after decades of tax-assisted saving, these balances are unlikely to generate the retirement income most Canadians will need. That raises an important question. How did one of Canada’s most successful retirement savings programs produce such modest results? Part of the answer may be that we’ve quietly asked the RRSP to do far more than it was ever designed to do The average senior aged 65 in Canada receives $19,547 per year from OAS and CPP. If qualified for GIS, they would receive another $13,478 annually, for a total of $33,025 annually. This isn't much income, especially for homeowners who must pay for property taxes, utilities, upkeep, and maintenance. How it All Began At inception, the RRSP was called a Registered Retirement Annuity and was created in 1957. At the time, Canadians could contribute up to 10% of their income to a maximum of $2,500 annually. The goal was to give all Canadians the same tax benefits as members of registered employer-sponsored pension plans. Benefits of the RRSP Plan 1. Tax-Deferral: Contributions to an RRSP are tax-deductible, which can reduce your tax bill. 2. Tax-Free Growth: Your savings grow tax-free while the money is in the plan. 3. Retroactive: You can carry forward any unused contribution room to future years. The Multitasking Disaster Studies show that people are dreadful at multitasking; the same is true of government programs. Here is where the program went wrong. In 1992, the Home Buyer’s Plan (HBP) was made more flexible, which allowed first-time homebuyers to withdraw RRSP funds to buy a house. Then, in 1999, the Lifelong Learning Plan (LPP) was introduced, which permitted withdrawals to pay for education. The Home Buyers' Plan (HBP) was not introduced in 1957 alongside the Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) creation. Instead, the HBP was introduced in 1992 as a federal initiative to help Canadians buy their first homes by allowing them to withdraw funds from their RRSPs without tax penalties as long as they met specific conditions. Here's a timeline of crucial HBP withdrawal limits since its inception: Timeline of HBP and LLP Withdrawal Limits: 1992 - Introduction of the HBP • Maximum Withdrawal Limit: $20,000 per individual. • Purpose: To help first-time homebuyers purchase or build a home. 1999 – Introduction of Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP) • The annual withdrawal limit is $10,000 per individual • The lifetime withdrawal maximum is $20,000 per individual 2009 - First HBP increase • New Limit: $25,000 per individual. • The increase was introduced as part of federal budget changes to reflect rising housing costs. 2019 - Second HBP Increase • New Limit: $35,000 per individual. • Announced in the 2019 federal budget to support affordability for first-time homebuyers. 2019 -HBP Enhancement for Life Events • The HBP was expanded to allow individuals experiencing a marriage or common-law partnership breakdown to participate, even if they were not first-time homebuyers. 2024 - Recent increase • New Limit: $60,000 per individual. • The increase was introduced as part of federal budget changes to reflect rising costs. A Flawed Strategy The Home Buyers' Plan (HBP) and Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP) were introduced in Canada as tools to make housing and education more accessible. While well-intentioned, these programs effectively allow individuals to borrow from their future retirement savings—a strategy that can have significant negative consequences. Ask any high school economics student, and they will tell you that compromising two of the three main elements (principle and time) in investing growth will lead to a disappointing return. Here is the formula: principle X interest + time = compounded return. ⚠️ WARNING: Retirement Warning Using your RRSP to purchase a home or finance education may seem like a smart financial move. But remember, you’re withdrawing money from the very account designed to support you when you’re no longer earning an income. Lost time and compound growth can never be fully recovered. Are We Borrowing From the Future to Pay for Today? The Problem with the Home Buyers’ Plan (HBP): Addressing Housing Affordability at the Expense of Retirement The HBP permits individuals to withdraw up to $60,000 from their RRSP to buy a first home. In an environment of rising house prices, this measure may help buyers cobble together a down payment, but it drains retirement funds. The funds are unavailable to grow tax-free over decades, diminishing the compounding returns essential for retirement security. The Problem with the Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP): Financing Education by Sacrificing Retirement The LLP allows up to $20,000 in RRSP withdrawals to fund education, which can help individuals upskill. However, education often doesn’t yield immediate returns, and the withdrawn funds lose their growth potential, including the compounded returns. Why This Harms Future Retirees Issue #1: Loss of Compounding Growth Withdrawals disrupt the power of compounding, which is vital for retirement savings. For example, $35,000 left in an RRSP for 25 years at a 6% annual return could grow to over $150,000. If that same $35,000 were withdrawn 15 years ago and repaid over the same period as required by the HBP program, it would be worth $54,311, a loss of $95,689 Issue #2: Repayment Struggles While repayments are required, life’s expenses (mortgage, childcare, loans) often make it hard to repay on schedule. Failure to repay means the amount withdrawn is added to taxable income, further reducing the effectiveness of the programs. Issue #3: Insufficient Savings Most Canadians are already under-saving for retirement. Encouraging them to dip into their RRSPs exacerbates this shortfall. Two Different Problems.  One Harmful Solution Housing Affordability Rising house prices are driven by supply-demand imbalances, speculation, and policy failures—not a lack of down payments. Increasing the HBP withdrawal limit does nothing to address the root causes of affordability, but it may drive prices higher by giving buyers more purchasing power. Retirement Security Retirement savings should be preserved and grown to ensure financial stability in later years. Programs like HBP and LLP blur the line between short-term needs and long-term planning. Why Would our Government Do This? Political Expediency Housing affordability and access to education are politically sensitive issues. Allowing individuals to tap into their RRSPs is a cost-neutral policy for the government (unlike direct subsidies or programs). Policies like these help politicians get elected or stay in office. And in proper political form, these policies only tell half the story. Vote for us because we will help you buy your first home, which is a great campaign strategy. Vote for us because we will make it look like we help you buy your first home when, in fact, we will set up a program that will allow you to borrow from yourself at the cost of your retirement, which is political suicide. Short-Sighted Economic Policies Policymakers may believe that homeowners and educated individuals are more financially secure, even if their retirement savings are compromised. The logic might be that owning a home or having better job prospects could mitigate future hardship. Assuming Home Equity is a Safety Net The government might assume that homeownership ensures financial stability in retirement. However, this overlooks that rising housing costs often mean seniors have high debt levels or are "house rich but cash poor." The Bigger Problem with the HBP and LLP Programs: No Warnings or Education Given to Canadians Neither the HBP nor the LLP adequately informs individuals of the long-term consequences of their decisions. To make matters worse, the participants of these programs will likely realize the impact once it is too late to take action. People considering retirement are often in their late 50s to early 60s, past their prime saving years. Borrowing from retirement accounts may seem like “borrowing from yourself,” but this lost growth can never be recouped. Many Canadians are not well enough informed to assess these trade-offs, leading to decisions that harm their financial future. In Case You’re Thinking, These Seniors Have Inadequate Savings - But at They At Least their Homes. The HBP and LLP programs may reflect a government view that seniors would be better off owning a home than relying solely on inadequate savings. But this is flawed for a number of reasons: A home is not a liquid asset—it cannot pay for groceries or healthcare. Also,  Seniors with insufficient retirement savings often need help with financial distress despite owning property. They sometimes need reverse mortgages or sell their homes out of desperation. An Unfortunate Misguided Solution Rather than “quick fixes” that appear to solve immediate challenges while creating long-term problems, the Federal government should instead focus on longer-term, systemic solutions For housing: Governments need to curb speculative investments and provide targeted assistance for first-time buyers. Plus they need to focus on programs that increase housing supply, such as income tax incentives for homeowners to build accessory dwelling units (ADUs). These units could be rented out or used for caregivers. Or adopt a policy allowing first-time home buyers to not pay tax on their first $250,000 of income. First-time home buyers could use the tax savings as a down payment. The HST Rebate for eligible buyers of new homes introduced March 2026 is a start, not perfect, but it is a step in the right direction. For Education: Governments need to expand grant programs and low-interest loans to prevent reliance on retirement funds.  This will not only help us increase the number of skilled workers to fill critical gaps in vital sectors such as technology, healthcare engineering and the trades.  It will also contribute to a higher GDP and build a more sustainable tax base for future generations. Retirement savings should be treated as sacred capital, not a convenient source of funding for unrelated government priorities. Governments shouldn’t solve today’s problems by quietly asking Canadians to mortgage their retirement. Votes are counted on election night. The consequences aren’t counted until retirement. Don’t Retire … Re-Wire! Sue Important: This article is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, mortgage, tax, legal, or investment advice. Before making decisions about your retirement or home equity, consult qualified professionals who can assess your personal circumstances.

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