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U.S.-Iran Agreement May Be Easier to Sign Than Sustain, Says TCU Political Scientist

Recent negotiations highlight the political and diplomatic hurdles that remain between Washington and Tehran.

Jun 30, 2026

2 min

As reports emerge of a potential memorandum of understanding (MOU) between the United States and Iran, questions remain about whether any agreement can overcome decades of mistrust, competing national interests, and domestic political pressures.

Ralph Carter is the Piper Professor of Political Science at Texas Christian University (TCU). focuses on Middle East conflicts, U.S. foreign trade and defense policy, with an emphasis on the roles played by Congress.

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According to Texas Christian University political scientist Ralph Carter, the details of the agreement and whether both sides ultimately accept those terms, will determine whether negotiations can move forward.

"We have to know what's in the MOU itself and whether both sides agree on that. If it's acceptable to both sides, then domestic politics on both sides enters the picture."

For the United States, Carter notes that President Trump is eager to secure a diplomatic victory while also maintaining his long-standing position on Iran's nuclear ambitions.

Carter says the administration faces competing pressures: demonstrating progress on national security, ensuring stability in global energy markets, and responding to economic concerns that matter most to American voters.

At the same time, Iran is unlikely to compromise on what it views as fundamental issues of sovereignty and national independence.

"Any Iranian regime, including this one, will insist on two things: Its territory is inviolate. It will not give it up. Its sovereignty is not negotiable."

While Tehran may be willing to accept inspections or limits on highly enriched uranium, Carter says Iran is unlikely to abandon its nuclear program entirely simply to satisfy U.S. demands. Economic sanctions and their impact on Iran's economy will also remain central to any negotiations.

The timeline may present another obstacle.

"A 60-day window after the MOU is signed probably isn't enough time to reconcile these differences."

As negotiations continue, Carter can provide expert analysis on U.S.-Iran relations, nuclear diplomacy, sanctions policy, Middle East security, international negotiations, and the domestic political considerations influencing both governments.

Ralph Carter is available to discuss U.S.-Iran relations, nuclear negotiations, international diplomacy, sanctions policy, and Middle East politics.

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Ralph Carter

Piper Professor, Political Science

Professor Carter focuses on Middle East conflicts, U.S. foreign trade and defense policy, with an emphasis on the roles played by Congress.

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