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How does Pope Leo XIV's first encyclical help the Church respond to the opportunities and challenges presented by AI?
Terence Sweeney, PhDSally Scholz, PhDIlia Delio, OSF, PhD

When Leo warns us that “the technocratic paradigm in which we are immersed, which is amplified by the digital evolution and AI, threatens to normalize an anti-human vision,” he is warning us about a world that centralizes power and meaning among some while excluding the many. This contrasts with the Civilization of Love which welcomes the poor, the wounded, the unborn, and the migrant. Thus, a litmus test for a Leonine society is whether it welcomes the contributions of all, especially the smallest and the most forgotten. This is not just a work for the powerful; rather, the “civilization of love will not arise from a single or spectacular gesture, but from the sum total of small and steadfast acts of fidelity that serve as a bulwark against dehumanization.” We all need to be such bulwarks against dehumanization.

How should organizations approach AI governance?
Maya Chen

AI governance should be approached as a core function of how an organization operates. It cannot be added after systems are deployed.The starting point is clarity. Organizations need to define who is accountable for decisions made by AI systems, how those decisions are reviewed, and what processes exist for escalation.Effective governance also requires visibility. Leaders need insight into how systems are functioning in real-world contexts, not just in controlled environments.Finally, governance must be cross-functional. AI impacts multiple parts of the organization, so oversight cannot sit within a single team.

Why does data governance matter more now?
Alex Morgan

Data governance has become a board-level issue because organizations are relying more heavily on data to drive decisions and automation. Poor data quality or unclear ownership can quickly undermine trust in systems, especially when AI is involved.I am seeing more companies formalize how data is managed, who is accountable and how it flows across the organization. This is no longer a compliance exercise. It is a foundation for using data responsibly and effectively at scale.

Why is AI bias still unresolved?
Maya Chen

Bias in AI persists because it is rooted in real-world data and institutional history rather than isolated technical flaws. When models are trained on existing data, they inherit patterns that reflect how decisions have been made in the past.Bias is often subtle. It can appear as small, consistent disadvantages that accumulate over time rather than obvious errors.Another challenge is that organizations frequently treat bias as a one-time problem. In reality, it is dynamic. As systems evolve, bias can re-emerge in different forms requiring continuous monitoring.Addressing bias effectively means building governance into the lifecycle of AI systems, including regular auditing, transparency, and clear ownership of outcomes.

Why does data governance matter more now?
Alex Morgan

Data governance has become a board-level issue because organizations are relying more heavily on data to drive decisions and automation. Poor data quality or unclear ownership can quickly undermine trust in systems, especially when AI is involved.I am seeing more companies formalize how data is managed, who is accountable and how it flows across the organization. This is no longer a compliance exercise. It is a foundation for using data responsibly and effectively at scale.

How is enterprise AI being adopted now?
Alex Morgan

Enterprise AI is moving out of isolated pilots and into core business functions. What has changed is the level of accountability. Leadership teams are no longer impressed by experimentation alone. They want to know whether AI is improving productivity, reducing cost or driving new revenue.The organizations that are getting it right are focusing on specific use cases and building around them rather than trying to transform everything at once. The real story right now is not about capability. It is about execution and whether companies can turn AI into measurable business value.

What defines responsible AI at scale?
Maya Chen

Responsible AI at scale depends on turning principles into operational systems. Many organizations articulate strong ethical guidelines, but those guidelines often remain disconnected from how AI is actually deployed and managed.At scale, complexity increases. Multiple teams are involved, use cases expand, and systems evolve over time. Without defined ownership and structured oversight, responsibility becomes diffused.Organizations that succeed treat responsible AI as an operational discipline. They define roles, establish review processes, and integrate oversight into existing workflows.This approach also requires cross-functional coordination. Technical teams, legal, risk management, and leadership all need to align on how systems are used and monitored.

How is AI reshaping real-world decision making?
Maya Chen

AI is not just automating tasks. It is reshaping how decisions are structured across organizations. In many environments, AI systems determine what information is surfaced, how options are framed, and what outcomes are recommended.These systems are not neutral. They reflect the data they are trained on, the assumptions embedded in their design, and the incentives of the organizations deploying them.The more important issue is governance. Accuracy alone is not enough. Organizations need to understand how AI influences decisions and build oversight mechanisms that track those effects over time.As AI becomes more embedded in operations, the real shift is from human-led decisions supported by tools to environments where systems structure the decision space itself.

What defines responsible AI at scale?
Maya Chen

Responsible AI at scale depends on turning principles into operational systems. Many organizations articulate strong ethical guidelines, but those guidelines often remain disconnected from how AI is actually deployed and managed.At scale, complexity increases. Multiple teams are involved, use cases expand, and systems evolve over time. Without defined ownership and structured oversight, responsibility becomes diffused.Organizations that succeed treat responsible AI as an operational discipline. They define roles, establish review processes, and integrate oversight into existing workflows.This approach also requires cross-functional coordination. Technical teams, legal, risk management, and leadership all need to align on how systems are used and monitored.

How do specialist CROs get onto shortlists for studies they're genuinely best suited for?

The honest answer is that most don't — and the mechanism failure is largely invisible to the CRO. Sponsors build RFP shortlists from preferred vendor lists, conference contacts, and increasingly AI- assisted research. A CRO that isn't in those channels before the RFP is issued won't be on the list regardless of how qualified they are. It is an open secret in the industry that sponsors use RFPs partly as feasibility research — meaning the CROs that get invited are often those who've already been educating the sponsor about their capabilities through other channels, not just those who respond best to the RFPitself.Sources: TrialHub, RFP to Bid Defense, 2024; Applied Clinical Trials, CRO Outsourcing series