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Luckily, Louisiana does not have termite hybrids yet. Termite hybrids are in particular reference to the Asian and Formosan subterranean termite, both of which are present in Florida. If we were to get AST in the state, they could hybridize with FST, which would increase the number of termites swarming during the termite swarm season. We are not really aware of what the broader impacts of this hybridization would be within the US. But both of these termites can hybridize and hybrids have been found in Florida.

NASA has begun designing a new mission to understand whether we are alone in the universe, called the Habitable Worlds Observatory. It is focusing on searching for life-like us, on Earth-like planets, around Sun-like stars, because this is the only example of life we have. One key part of Earth-like planets is holding an atmosphere around a small, rocky planet. For Earth, our magnetic field has protected our atmosphere from the immense energy output by our Sun for billions of years. We have our magnetic field because the radioactive decay of Uranium and Thorium deep in Earth's core continues to heat it, allowing it to be molten. We know Mars used to have an atmosphere, but it eroded once its core cooled and froze. Further, we know life like us requires Iodine as it helps regulate our metabolism and body temperature. Iodine, Uranium, and Thorium are among the heaviest elements known. We do not know when these elements first formed abundantly in the Universe. Its possible it was only recently, and thus we are among the first life in the universe. Alternatively, these elements may have been available for a long time. We answer this question by looking deep into the past, which requires pointing our most powerful telescopes at distant galaxies, to understand what processes generate these heavy elements.

Scientists are still trying to fully understand what really happens when massive stars die—why some collapse quietly into black holes, while others explode as spectacular supernovae leaving behind neutron stars. In my work, I run 3D computer simulations of these explosions and model the light they produce, the signals we can detect from Earth. This helps us uncover the mechanisms that power the blasts, the elements they create, and even how stars shed mass in the years before they die. That lost material surrounds the star and can shape how bright the explosion looks. Decoding this “post-mortem” record is key to understanding the life and evolution of massive stars.

"The answer is not ‘no.’Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes aegypti, which we have in South Florida, South Texas, Arizona, California… a little bit in Louisiana. Dengue virus is also transmitted by this mosquito species, so we can look at where we’ve had outbreaks of dengue to see where is most at-risk: Miami, South Texas, Southern California… But chikungunya also is transmitted by the Asian Tiger Mosquito – Aedes albopictus – of which we have a lot in more temperate areas like most of Louisiana, and up into New York. This is the mosquito with the black and white stripes on her legs and a stripe down what can be thought of as her ‘head.’ So in addition to where aegypti is, we have to worry about a larger swath of the US at-risk for chikungunya. There are so many factors that contribute to how at-risk a particular place is – the temperature, the environment, etc. In places where there is mosquito avoidance infrastructure, there will be less risk."

It depends on the context and location. If you’re talking about Louisiana, then we have to remember we have the infrastructure to protect us from outbreaks – screens on the windows, AC, robust spraying in most places. It’s always good to have additional education for both clinicians and the public to enhance their understanding of what chikungunya is and what kind of disease it presents. This strengthens our ability to prevent travel-associated cases and also detect outbreaks faster and respond with increased vector control or vaccine rollout. There are also two vaccines available for chikungunya. One is a live-attenuated vaccine indicated for 18+ years old (Ixchiq) and another for 12+ (VIMKUNYA), which is a virus-like particle vaccine. (That means it’s a protein that mimics the chikungunya virus but does not replicate.) Both have been shown to prevent infection, but vaccination should always be discussed with your physicians, and you need about 2 weeks before it’s fully efficacious. So if you’re traveling, take that into account. It’s important to educate the public on how to reduce mosquito contact through personal protection (bug spray, for example) and reducing standing water where the mosquitoes lay eggs. This is especially important in areas without the kinds of infrastructure that we have in place.

Changing candidates probably doesn’t change the Democratic Party’s approach on trade policy, but it would be worthwhile to hear about this issue from the candidates in the lead-up to the election. I don’t think the outlook on trade policy changes much with Kamala Harris as the presumptive Democratic nominee, although it would be good for the candidates to discuss these issues. Our economic model recovers estimates of switching between trade war and trade peace from the actions of the firms most affected by these tariffs. These firms probably thought there was a chance that Harris could be president when making their decisions. It would be good for Harris and Trump to debate this issue.

Based on the way firms have been changing suppliers, our model predicts there is a less than 20 percent chance the trade war is over by 2025. Our model estimates that the US-China trade war has a 17 percent chance of ending in 2025, so it will most likely last at least four or five more years. Of course, there’s always a chance that something will break this logjam. It was a big surprise in 1971 when Nixon lifted a 21-year trade embargo on China. Nixon was attempting to get us out of the Vietnam War, and he was hoping the Chinese, who were supporting the Vietnamese, could put some backroom pressure on Vietnam. But it’s not clear what factors exist today that could pull us out of the current trade war.

My own research is on the centers of galaxies, particularly their central black holes. Most supermassive black holes don’t do very much. Like the one in the center of our galaxy, they sit there, taking in matter when it gets too close, but they don’t take in much matter or have bright accretion flows because matter isn’t being forced inside.One of the questions I’m most interested in is, what causes a black hole to become active, take in lots of material and have bright accretion flows? We can only study that with the kinds of multi-scale views of a galaxy that Euclid is providing. I also study jets: large and energetic flows of matter coming out of the centers of galaxies that are actively accreting. Euclid’s wide-angle view is going to give us an appreciation of their structure and impact on surrounding matter in new ways we’ve never been able to look at before.