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Astrobiologist Manasvi Lingam, assistant professor of aerospace, physics and space sciences at Florida Tech, authored a new astrobiology textbook to serve as a resource for the rapidly growing multidisciplinary field. “From Stars to Life: A Quantitative Approach to Astrobiology,” published by Cambridge University Press, is primarily geared toward upper-level undergraduate and graduate students studying astrobiology, Lingam says. Co-authored by astrophysicist Amedeo Balbi (University of Rome), the book’s 15 chapters cover topics from the Big Bang theory to planetary habitability to the future of humankind. The book also includes practice problems that involve modern developments like GenerativeAI (e.g., ChatGPT). Lingam explained how he came up with the new textbook and why it can help shape astrobiology programs like Florida Tech’s. What inspired this textbook? Manasvi Lingam: [Florida Tech] was the first university in the whole world to start an undergraduate astrobiology major. We have a strong connection to the field. But it turns out, every time I teach the subject, I don’t have a textbook to use. I have my first book, which is “Life in the Cosmos,” but it’s 1,100 pages. It’s for graduate students. It’s not going to work for them. Every time I was trying to cobble together resources from different places. My co-author has the same problem except that he’s been teaching [astrobiology] for even longer, for 20 years. He doesn’t have a textbook either. There’s this old saying in English: if you want something done right, do it yourself. We decided, well, might as well just try to write it ourselves. That’s how it came to be. How does this textbook bridge the gap between introductory readings and graduate-level material? ML: Right now, there’s pretty much only one class of textbooks for astrobiology, and those are written for freshman- or sophomore-level undergraduates. There’s this emphasis on a broad overview but at an extremely qualitative level and sometimes offering somewhat weak explanations for various specific phenomena, such as, “Why did Mars lose its atmosphere? It just got eroded over time.” These kinds of limitations. Graduate literature is very specialized, oriented towards whatever subfield one is studying in astrobiology. You can have a whole book on the origin of life. You can have a whole book on just Mars. You can have a whole book on Titan and so on. The aforementioned introductory textbooks that exist are very broad, but they don’t really offer a tool to actually get started doing research in the more specialized field. There was this vital need to bridge the gap. That’s what this book is meant to do. How did you decide what content to include and what not to include? ML: This field begins almost with the Big Bang – the start of the universe – which is when the first elements were formed, including elements that are widespread in life like hydrogen. This tale begins almost with the beginning of the universe. It is a tale that is still ongoing and is going to unfold for trillions of years into the future. But, there was so much material to include in principle. We had to be quite selective about what topics to include. There are a number of courses that are taught around the world on this topic. We looked at dozens of them to find the common core within all of them, and then expanded on that core. That’s what constitutes our table of contents. While writing the textbook, how did you grow as a researcher and an educator? ML: There’s this implicit understanding in academia that if you can write something down clearly, and if you can articulate something clearly, that’s when you can really say you understand it. Often you can’t articulate what you need to say coherently and succinctly if it’s something very big. That’s what, of course, astrobiology is. In the process of writing the book as an educator, I think I was really able to see how various domains linked to each other. For instance, modulations of, say, the Earth’s climate that were driven not just by changes on Earth (including life itself!), but also by changes in the sun, by changes in the orbits of other solar system planets, but also phenomena that were taking place hundreds of light years away in the galaxy. You really see that everything is connected – there are hidden links to each other. I think that helped me discover the magic of the universe, so to speak, even more. From a research standpoint, there were some areas that I have not worked in a lot, but by writing this book, I’ve gotten a better understanding of those areas, like, say, Mars, and also certain microbiological and astrophysical aspects as well. I think that has provided new ideas that I hope to explore in the future. What do you want readers to learn throughout the book, and what should they walk away with? ML: What we want to do is build a holistic integrated understanding of different phenomena pertaining to life in the universe, but at a quantitative level, and still retain breadth without sacrificing depth in the process. It won’t necessarily make students ready for research because it’s still primarily an undergrad textbook, but it will give them a comprehensive understanding of how various processes are intertwined with each other. We want people to see the big picture without missing out on the detail, and to appreciate the beauty of life, Earth, the solar system, the Milky Way and the universe. Lingam plans to start teaching from this textbook in Spring 2025. The textbook is available for purchase on Amazon. Looking to know more about Astrobiology and the work Manasvi Lingam is doing at Florida Tech? Then let us help. Astrobiologist Manasvi Lingam, assistant professor of aerospace, physics and space sciences at Florida Tech and author is available to speak with media regarding this and related topics. Simply click on his icon now to arrange an interview.
Is all screen time bad? Experts weigh in on healthy habits for kids and teens.
With the winter holiday season upon us, many children and adolescents will be home from school for break. As with any extended periods of time outside of school, screen time for children will become a topic of discussion for families. "For academic benefits of screens, it isn't only about the screen 'time,' but about the type of activities youth are doing on screens," said Teya Rutherford, associate professor at the University of Delaware. "There is huge variance in the quality of engagement with online games, etc." During the holiday season, children and adolescents have way more time to fall down the rabbit hole of social media and general web surfing. The American Psychological Association recently released guidelines to help parents coach their teens to have healthier relationships with viewing videos online. Some of the findings include limiting screen time, monitoring content and teaching children and adolescents about misinformation. "This finding is in line with the literature on parental monitoring – in that, if parents monitor their adolescents’ use of social media, then outcomes (i.e., academic achievement) are often better for the adolescent, than for the adolescent whose parent does not engage in such monitoring behaviors," said Mellissa Gordon, associate professor at the University of Delaware. Rutherford can speak about creating engaging online environments, the science behind learning in online environments, motivating students to learn in STEM contexts and self-regulated learning. Gordon conducts research on the social mechanisms that influence adolescent and young adult development. In a 2023 Youth and Society study, she found that as middle schoolers’ social media use increased, their academic performance suffered. Both can be contacted by emailing mediarelations@udel.edu.
Notre Dame Cathedral, an iconic symbol of Paris and a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, has stood for centuries as a testament to human creativity, spirituality, and resilience. This historic landmark continues to captivate global attention not only for its artistic and religious significance but also for its ability to endure and inspire amidst challenges like the devastating 2019 fire. Notre Dame matters to the public because it embodies cultural heritage, historical memory, and the ongoing effort to preserve monuments of global importance. Key story angles that may interest a broad audience include: The architectural and artistic marvels of Notre Dame: Exploring its iconic design, stained glass windows, and cultural influence on art and literature. The 2019 fire and restoration efforts: Highlighting the international response, the challenges of restoring historical structures, and the role of modern technology in reconstruction. Notre Dame's role in French and global history: Examining its significance during key historical events, including coronations, revolutions, and wartime preservation. Religious and spiritual importance: Understanding the cathedral’s role as a center for Catholic worship and its influence on interfaith dialogue. The impact of Notre Dame on tourism and local culture: Analyzing how the cathedral shapes Parisian identity and attracts millions of visitors annually. The future of Notre Dame: Discussing sustainability in historical preservation and how the restoration aligns with broader cultural and environmental goals. Connect with an expert about Notre Dame: To search our full list of experts visit www.expertfile.com
Villanova Professor Releases Study on Gender Dynamics in the Beer-Drinking Community
Earlier this month, thousands of revelers donned dirndls and lederhosen to mark Oktoberfest, the annual celebration of Bavarian fare, oompah music and, above all else, beer. The fall festival is just one of many occasions, including happy hours, brewery tours and sporting events, where Americans enjoy the beverage. In fact, based on a recent report by the Pew Research Center, the U.S. population consumes approximately 6.6 billion gallons of beer each year, which averages out to about 26.5 gallons per adult of legal drinking age. However, while ales, lagers and stouts remain popular choices that bring people together, not everyone feels equally included. A new study by Shelly Rathee, PhD, the Diana and James Yacobucci '73 Assistant Professor of Marketing and Business Law, highlights a gender-based divide within the beer-drinking community, with female consumers often feeling overlooked and left out. "Due to the structure of the beer industry and marketplace, there is reason to believe that firms overproduce products that appeal to male audiences and overly communicate masculine aspects of beer consumption," says Dr. Rathee. "As a result, female consumers are made to feel (and may continue to feel) excluded by beer culture, on average. From a business standpoint, the beer industry may be limiting its total market potential in the process." As Dr. Rathee explains, the beer industry and marketplace are predominately populated by men, and academic literature has long indicated that male dominance in a social or business setting can alter the behaviors of women in myriad ways. In her project, "The Female Consumer Response Implications of Male Dominance in a Product’s Online Community," the professor sought to understand how this trend might manifest itself in an internet forum for beer aficionados, hobbyists and critics. By examining customer review data from the online community BeerAdvocate and conducting tests aimed at assessing gender-based differences in contributions, Dr. Rathee found that female consumers are inclined to defer to the male majority in such settings. In general, women either refrain from sharing their perspectives on products or adopt language characterized by what are commonly referred to as "masculinity themes." "Masculinity and femininity themes were drawn from the text of the online reviews and were identified using dictionaries derived from previous research on these topics," shares Dr. Rathee. "For example, if the consumer liked the taste of the beer, a more feminine way of describing this might be 'pleasant,' while a more masculine way might be 'strong.'" In these terms, the difference in expression might seem subtle. However, as Dr. Rathee contends, the prevalence of tens of thousands of reviews that lean toward a more masculine tone, with few offering a counterbalance, can have noticeable effects. A quick look at the beer aisle in your local supermarket reveals its impact, with bottles and cans featuring images of axe-wielding warriors, dinosaurs and gargoyles. "We found in our research that male dominance in a marketplace leads to lower trial intentions [plans to try or buy something] and brand attitudes among women," elaborates Dr. Rathee. "Therefore, we can argue that companies are likely to produce products, and marketing appeals, that are more targeted at male audiences." Although men are currently more than twice as likely as women to name beer as their preferred alcoholic beverage, Dr. Rathee suggests that there is potential to create opportunities that encourage more female drinkers to engage with beer culture. By fostering environments where women can express their preferences and perspectives, she believes the beer industry can become more inclusive and representative, ultimately enriching the community as a whole. "When featuring reviews on websites, an effort to balance out the presentation of ideas from male and female voices could be helpful," Dr. Rathee says. "Special categories could also be created to drive interest based on demographic characteristics that may include gender, among other factors. A more extreme measure would be to simply avoid including gender as a reviewer characteristic that is publicly viewable." Much like opening tents beside a beer hall, these steps could provide the necessary space and conditions for a more open and robust discussion of products to take place—to the benefit of both consumers and the industry. In the event they're increasingly pursued, that's something to which we can all raise a toast.
#ExpertSpotlight: The changing seasons and the significance of fall
As the season of autumn unfolds, its significance reaches far beyond the changing colors of leaves. Autumn marks a period of transition with deep-rooted scientific, natural, cultural, and religious meaning. From environmental changes and harvest cycles to cultural festivals and religious observances, this season plays a pivotal role in shaping human understanding of nature and time. Its broad significance makes autumn a compelling topic for journalists, with various angles of interest to a wide audience. Key sub-topics include: Scientific Understanding of Seasonal Change: Exploring the science behind autumn, including changes in daylight, temperature, and plant biology, and their impact on ecosystems and human health. Environmental and Ecological Impacts: Investigating how autumn affects biodiversity, wildlife behaviors, and ecological cycles such as migration and hibernation. Cultural Festivals and Traditions: Highlighting the cultural significance of autumn in global traditions, including festivals like Thanksgiving, Diwali, and Oktoberfest, which celebrate harvests and community. Religious Observances and Symbolism: Examining the religious significance of autumn in different faiths, such as Yom Kippur, Sukkot, and the Pagan celebration of Samhain, which connect the season with themes of renewal, reflection, and spirituality. The Role of Autumn in Art and Literature: Analyzing how autumn has been historically depicted in art, literature, and music, symbolizing themes of change, nostalgia, and impermanence. Autumn’s Economic and Agricultural Importance: Investigating the economic impact of autumn, particularly in agricultural sectors, tourism (fall foliage), and local economies dependent on seasonal goods and services. Autumn’s blend of natural beauty, cultural depth, and ecological importance offers rich opportunities for storytelling, inviting audiences to explore how this season influences our world in profound and interconnected ways. Connect with an expert about the the significance of fall: To search our full list of experts visit www.expertfile.com
ExpertSpotlight: A Brief History of Espionage
The world was watching with wonder this week as news stories poured in about exploding pagers and how the armed devices made their way around an international supply chain and into the hands (and pockets) of Hezbollah. Espionage, a practice as old as civilization itself, has shaped the course of history by influencing wars, international relations, and technological advancements. From ancient times to the digital age, espionage has played a crucial role in national security and global diplomacy. This topic remains highly relevant today as concerns over cybersecurity, state-sponsored hacking, and corporate espionage dominate public discourse. Journalists covering this topic will find a rich array of story angles, including historical perspectives and modern implications. Key sub-topics that may interest journalists and the public include: Evolution of Espionage Tactics: Examining how espionage methods have developed from traditional spying techniques to modern digital surveillance, cyber-espionage, and the use of AI in intelligence gathering. Espionage and International Relations: Investigating the role of espionage in shaping diplomatic relations and its influence on global politics, alliances, and rivalries. Cybersecurity and Digital Espionage: Exploring how espionage has evolved in the digital age, focusing on cyber threats, hacking incidents, and the growing importance of cybersecurity in national defense. Famous Spies and Spy Agencies: Delving into the history of iconic spies and intelligence agencies, from World War II's codebreakers to Cold War espionage, and how these figures shaped the geopolitical landscape. Ethical and Legal Considerations: Analyzing the ethical dilemmas and legal boundaries surrounding espionage, including the balance between national security and individual privacy. Espionage in Popular Culture: Looking at how espionage has been depicted in literature, film, and media, and how these portrayals reflect and shape public perceptions of intelligence work. As espionage continues to evolve alongside technological advancements, it remains a critical issue in discussions of national security, global power dynamics, and privacy. This historical overview provides journalists with an opportunity to explore the enduring relevance of espionage in shaping both the past and future. Connect with an expert about the History of espionage: To search our full list of experts visit www.expertfile.com
VR Simulation to Demonstrate the Danger of Snow Squalls
Since 2017, Dr. Jase Bernhardt, Hofstra associate professor of geology, environment, and sustainability, has been using virtual reality technology to teach the public about the dangers of rip currents, hurricanes, and flash flooding. His most recent award, a $100,000 Road to Zero Community Traffic Safety Grant from the National Safety Council, is enabling him to tackle another seasonal weather worry: driving in snow squalls. The National Safety Council received funding for this grant from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Bernhardt’s project aims to share information about the onset of snow squalls, the importance of heeding emergency weather advisories, and what drivers should do if they are on the road when a snow squall occurs. Although squalls are infrequent, they are extreme and frightening winter weather events that can result in a rapid onset of heavy snow, low visibility, icy roadways, and frigid temperatures. “Snow squalls are a very specific type of weather phenomenon. They often occur on a clear, calm day, with no warning of precipitation,” Bernhardt said. “Seemingly out of nowhere, you’ll see clouds, followed by a quick burst of very heavy snow. For a short time, perhaps only 10, 15 minutes, there are whiteout conditions where drivers can barely see the road ahead of them.” According to the U.S. Department of Transportation website, 24% of weather-related vehicle crashes occur on snowy, slushy, or icy pavement, and 15% happen during snowfall or sleet. More than 1,300 people are killed and nearly 117,000 people are injured in vehicle crashes on snowy, slushy, or icy pavement annually. Because winters in the New York metropolitan area have been mild for the last few years, Bernhardt worries that people have been lulled into a false sense of security about driving during winter storms or squalls. “We’re not used to being in that kind of severe weather anymore,” he said. “Snow squalls can be deadly in terms of massive collisions and multi-vehicle chain collisions. The key thing to remember is that they come in rapidly, catching people by surprise.” Bernhardt is collaborating on the software for the snow squall VR simulation with Frank Martin ’22, ’23, who earned both a BS and an MS in Computer Science from Hofstra University. Users will wear a headset and hold a device – like a video game controller – in each hand to replicate the movements of a steering wheel. In this way, users will experience what it is like to drive from clear, pleasant conditions into a brutal wall of snow. Bernhardt said that if a warning for a snow squall is issued via emergency broadcast, he hopes people who have used the simulation will understand the urgency of getting off the road or pulling onto the shoulder and remaining in their vehicle. “We want people to have an experience that is as close to reality as possible. The idea is to simulate how sudden and terrifying snow squalls can be and give people an opportunity to learn what they should and should not do if they are caught in one,” Bernhardt said. In conjunction with the VR simulation, Bernhardt is developing a survey to determine people’s reactions to emergency messaging and how effective it is. He will work with the National Weather Service to have the simulation and surveys available by fall 2025 for use at training and outreach events throughout the Northeast. Like Bernhardt’s rip current project, there are plans to have a version of the snow squall simulation and corresponding literature available in Spanish. Dr. Sasha Pesci, Hofstra assistant professor of geology, environment, and sustainability, is co-principal investigator on the grant and is helping with the translation of materials. “More and more, the National Weather Service, state and federal governments, and other agencies recognize the importance of having this information available in other languages,” Bernhardt said. “There are a lot of drivers whose primary language is Spanish, and they include cab and Uber drivers, and truckers.” Jase Bernhardt is available to speak with media about this topic - simply click on his icon now to arrange an interview today.
Florida Tech, Kennedy Space Center to Study Waste Treatment in Space
Associate professor of chemical engineering Toufiq Reza has spent years researching sustainable waste conversion techniques on Earth. When Florida Tech offered him a sabbatical, he took the chance to learn what that conversion process looks like in outer space while further strengthening the university’s already deep ties to NASA. In Fall 2023, Reza became the first professor to leverage school funding to spend a semester at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. He worked with Annie Meier, who leads a team developing ways to convert astronaut-generated trash into fuel during missions, known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). “I wanted to do something different that I haven’t done. I have been doing research in my field; I know who the players are,” Reza said.” I could have easily gone to a research lab at another university and continued my research. But I wanted to learn something new.” His sabbatical prompted a new partnership between NASA Kennedy and Florida Tech. This summer, they signed an annex to their existing Space Act Agreement which will allow Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and the university to conduct joint research regarding logistical waste treatment and ISRU. “At NASA, we want researchers who are doing something that could help us, that could be synergistic, and to not reinvent the wheel,” said Jose Nuñez, university partnerships and small sat capabilities manager at NASA Kennedy. “The goal is to find professors who can benefit the agency in an area that needs more research.” As part of the agreement, KSC will share raw materials, waste simulant samples and information such as gas composition data with Florida Tech. In return, the university will analyze and share findings, such as what useful products can be taken from trash-to-gas waste for use as plant nutrients, and evaluate value-added applications. “I will encourage students to work on some of their technologies, test them in our lab and vice versa. This is a massive thing,” Reza said. “We can learn from each other to help each other.” Already, Reza’s students have visited Meier’s lab, and Meier and her KSC team came to Florida Tech to present her research and visit the university’s research facilities. Meier’s goals are similar to Reza’s: Both researchers want to find sustainable ways to convert trash and waste into energy, materials and chemicals. However, the methods aren’t completely transferrable between the two different environments of Earth and space. On Earth, Reza explained, waste can be burned or stored in a landfill. Neither of those options are viable in space. “You cannot dig up the moon soil and start burying. There is no oxygen or air to actually burn it…there is no water,” Reza explained. Currently, astronaut waste, such as food packaging, clothing, hygiene items and uneaten food, is launched back towards Earth and incinerates on the way there. However, Meier is working to advance waste mitigation technology, which Reza got to see up close. One of her projects, the Orbital Syngas/Commodity Augmentation Reactor (OSCAR), mixes oxygen, heat and trash in a reactor, which burns the trash and collects the gas it creates. Over the course of the semester, Reza assisted in KSC’s Applied Chemistry Lab, where Meier’s research took place. He offered both expertise and extra hands, from helping measure samples to reading through literature. He also took note of innovative technology for potential new research ideas, such as potentially developing a way of protecting metal coatings in space using the tools he learned. Meier’s waste conversion technology is built for a space environment, but Reza said it is unlikely that her complete systems could be used for waste conversion on Earth. Just as water and oxygen are limited resources in space but are plentiful on Earth, vacuums are plentiful resources in space but are expensive to create back home. However, that doesn’t stop the researchers from seeking inspiration through the new partnership. “We can learn from them and then take a part of their technology and integrate it with ours to make our technology more sustainable and vice versa,” Reza said. “They can improve their technology by utilizing part of our technology as well. As Meier said, “I wanted to learn on the terrestrial side how we can infuse some of our technology, and he wanted to learn from us to grow into the space sector, so it was a really cool match.”
#ExpertSpotlight: What is a Blue Moon?
The phenomenon of a Blue Moon, though rare, captures the imagination and curiosity of the public, making it a prime topic for media coverage. A Blue Moon typically refers to the occurrence of an additional full moon within a specific time frame, usually two full moons in a single calendar month or an extra full moon in a season. This celestial event is not just an astronomical curiosity but also a cultural and symbolic event that resonates deeply with people around the world. The significance of a Blue Moon extends beyond its scientific rarity, touching on themes of folklore, human understanding of time, and the natural world's rhythms. Journalists can explore several angles to connect this event with broader societal interests, including: Astronomical Significance: Explaining the science behind what causes a Blue Moon, how often they occur, and the different types of Blue Moons. Cultural and Historical Context: Delving into the myths, legends, and folklore associated with the Blue Moon across various cultures and how these stories have shaped human perception of time and nature. Impact on Astrology and Horoscopes: Investigating the Blue Moon's influence in astrology, including predictions and interpretations tied to this rare event. Environmental and Ecological Implications: Exploring how lunar cycles, including Blue Moons, affect wildlife, tides, and natural phenomena, contributing to broader discussions on the environment. Art and Literature: Highlighting references to Blue Moons in art, literature, and music, and how this natural phenomenon has inspired creativity throughout history. Public Engagement and Education: Covering events, public viewings, and educational opportunities that allow people to learn more about the moon and other astronomical phenomena. By covering these angles, journalists can provide their audiences with a comprehensive look at the Blue Moon, connecting this celestial event to a wide range of cultural, scientific, and environmental topics that resonate with the public's interests. Connect with an expert about Blue Moons: To search our full list of experts visit www.expertfile.com Photo Credit: Kym MacKinnon
Cuba's history is a rich tapestry of revolutionary fervor, cultural vibrancy, and political intrigue that has captivated the world for decades. This topic is particularly newsworthy due to its significant impact on global geopolitics, its unique social and economic experiments, and its vibrant cultural contributions. Understanding Cuba's past is essential for comprehending current issues in Latin America and the ongoing influence of socialist ideologies. Key story angles for journalists could include: The Cuban Revolution: Exploring the causes, key figures like Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, and the revolution's lasting impact on Cuban society and politics. US-Cuba Relations: Analyzing the historical and contemporary dynamics between Cuba and the United States, including the embargo, the Bay of Pigs invasion, and recent diplomatic efforts. Economic Policies and Reforms: Investigating Cuba's socialist economic model, the challenges it faces, and recent reforms aimed at modernizing the economy. Healthcare and Education: Highlighting Cuba's achievements and challenges in healthcare and education, often touted as successes of the revolutionary regime. Human Rights and Political Freedom: Examining issues of political repression, human rights abuses, and the struggle for freedom and democracy in Cuba. Cultural Influence: Featuring Cuba's rich cultural heritage, including its contributions to music, dance, and literature, and how culture serves as a form of resistance and identity. By delving into these aspects, journalists can provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of Cuba's history, offering readers diverse perspectives and in-depth coverage of a nation that continues to influence global conversations on politics, culture, and human rights. Connect with an expert about the History of the Cuba: To search our full list of experts visit www.expertfile.com Photo credit: Jason Gamble