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300 million tonnes of rice straw are burned after harvest in Asia every year Aston University will be contributing to new international project to unlock renewable energy potential Its researchers will lead on calculating the greenhouse gas emissions savings of new systems. Aston University researchers are helping to make rice straw processing in India and the Philippines less environmentally damaging. The University will be contributing to a new international collaboration, the Renewable, Inclusive Carbon-negative Energy (RICE) project, funded by Innovate UK Energy Catalyst programme to unlock renewable energy for rice farmers. Already the University has worked with UK company Straw Innovations in the Philippines and now the two are expanding their collaboration to benefit more of the continent. Aston University working with UK company Straw Innovations and Indian enterprise, Takachar Rice straw is a crop waste byproduct and each year across Asia 300 million tonnes of it go up in smoke when burnt after harvest. This releases emissions and air pollutants that triple risks of increased respiratory diseases and accelerate climate change. India and the Philippines are the world’s second and eighth largest rice producers respectively and together they produce 130 million tonnes of both rice and straw per year. Aston University and Straw Innovations and will be collaborating with an Indian award winning small and medium sized enterprise, Takachar. The firm has developed small scale, low-cost, portable equipment which can convert agricultural waste on-site into higher value bioproducts such as fertilizer blends, chemicals and biofuels. "The company will develop a super-sized version which is 10 times bigger than their current device, make it adaptable to rice mills, and will send it to Straw Innovations, so the two firms can test out different business models for farmer adoption/benefit. Straw Innovations will also send their machines from the Philippines to India mid-project and the two countries will test out different business models for farmer adoption/benefit. And for the first time they will tap into the heat produced in the waste process to dry rice, instead of using diesel or kerosene. University researchers will lead on assessing the sustainability of the project, calculating the greenhouse gas emissions savings of the new systems introduced by Straw Innovations and Takachar. Sustainability expert Dr Mirjam Röder will also engage with the farming community and rural stakeholders to quantify how the systems can increase farmer incomes, equality of opportunity, food security and decarbonisation benefits, whilst highlighting any trade-offs. Dr Röder who is based at Aston University’s Energy & Bioproducts Research Institute (EBRI) said: “Environmentally, rice produces 48% of all global crop emissions, due to methane from flooded fields. This is halved when the straw is removed and reduced further when its carbon is stored in biochar. We are aiming for carbon negative which means removing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere or sequestering more CO₂ than is emitted. “Our new research leads on from our rice straw bio gas hub project with Straw Innovations, SEARCA and Koolmill and we’re pleased to be building further relationships with new partners in India. In January Biomass and Bioenergy published a paper about the topic written by Dr Röder, the director of EBRI Professor Patricia Thornley and Craig Jamieson of Straw Innovations called The greenhouse gas performance and climate change mitigation potential from rice straw biogas as a pathway to the UN sustainable development goals. Craig Jamieson from Straw Innovations said "We’ve been pioneering rice straw work with the team at Aston University for the past seven years. We're delighted to continue that strong partnership and widen it to include Takachar in this new project. “Takachar is a leader in making biochar from crop residues and our partnership with them is very strategic. We look forward to combining our new improved straw harvesting technology with their scaled-up biochar production. It will be a step change, creating a new, more efficient system for carbon negative energy and soil improvement for rural communities across Asia." Vidyut Mohan who founded Takachar said: “We are excited to partner with Aston University and Straw Innovations. “Our combined solutions can significantly move the needle in reducing crop residue collection costs and biochar production costs for carbon removal." Notes to Editors Rice straw is a crop waste byproduct and each year across Asia 300 million tonnes of it go up in smoke when burnt after harvest https://tinyurl.com/2afjhhsj To read The greenhouse gas performance and climate change mitigation potential from rice straw biogas as a pathway to the UN sustainable development goals visit https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953424000254, Biomass and Bioenergy Volume 182, March 2024, 107072 Mirjam Röder and Patricia Thornley Energy & Bioproducts Research Institute (EBRI), College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom Craig Jamieson Straw Innovations Ltd., Lawes Open Innovation Hub, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, HERTS, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107072 About Aston University For over a century, Aston University’s enduring purpose has been to make our world a better place through education, research and innovation, by enabling our students to succeed in work and life, and by supporting our communities to thrive economically, socially and culturally. Aston University’s history has been intertwined with the history of Birmingham, a remarkable city that once was the heartland of the Industrial Revolution and the manufacturing powerhouse of the world. Born out of the First Industrial Revolution, Aston University has a proud and distinct heritage dating back to our formation as the School of Metallurgy in 1875, the first UK College of Technology in 1951, gaining university status by Royal Charter in 1966, and becoming The Guardian University of the Year in 2020. Building on our outstanding past, we are now defining our place and role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (and beyond) within a rapidly changing world. For media inquiries in relation to this release, contact Nicola Jones, Press and Communications Manager, on (+44) 7825 342091 or email: n.jones6@aston.ac.uk
Ask the Expert: What is the impact of the Francis Scott Key Bridge on the supply chain?
Early in the morning on March 26, 2024 a super freighter lost complete power and struck a support column on the Interstate 695 (I-695) resulting in catastrophic collapse of the bridge. This will limit shipping until salvage and cleanup operations are completed. The shutting down of the port will have a direct impact on the economy of Baltimore at a rate of over $200 million of cargo passing through the port every day. Dr. David Rollins, a supply chain expert and an assistant professor in the Rader School of Business at Milwaukee School of Engineering, provides insight into the industrial, consumer and fiscal impact of the Key Bridge collapse. "The port’s major exports are coal, automobiles, and light trucks, while it imports goods like sugar, cars, light trucks, heavy farm and construction machinery, minerals, and fertilizer. The shipping methods employed by the port of Baltimore include containerized units, break bulking, and roll-on roll-off for automobiles, trucks, and machinery. "The impact on the global supply chains will be negligible from the standpoint that the ports of Philadelphia and Norfolk are poised to accept international shipping vessels and have the capacity for the extra traffic. The supply chain for coal and automobiles will be disrupted in the short term as the traffic of both international cargo ships and railcars will be rerouted to the other ports. Materials loaded on ships scheduled to depart after March 26th will likely be held until the salvage and cleanup are completed. However, if a customer needs expediting services, materials may be shipped through air cargo or rerouted to another port for shipment. "A supply chain requires three elements to be successful: The logistics and transportation of physical goods, which is a short-term issue for Baltimore. An information channel, if executed properly supply chain and logistics managers shipping through the Port of Baltimore have rerouted goods to either Norfolk, VA or Philadelphia, PA, the two closest ports. The transfer of funds for both goods and services, which has a limited impact on the supply chain compared to the potential impact on the city of Baltimore’s economy. "Prior to COVID-19, the information exchange part of supply chains was mostly overlooked. Improved communication will help render the bridge collapse a minor issue in the global supply chain. "One domestic issue will be the time and distance between the seaports and the supplier’s location or the destination of the products. From the Midwest, the largest source of automobile suppliers, rail shipping requires extra lead time but will keep transportation costs low. If producers ship via truck, the increase in mileage to the closest port, Philadelphia, is 56 miles resulting in an increase in fuel cost per shipment of approximately $34.461. "The Key Bridge incident will result in the rerouting of traffic via Interstate 95 (I-95) through Baltimore. I-95, which travels through the Fort McHenry tunnel to downtown Baltimore will be highly congested during commuting times resulting in slower deliveries. Interstate 895 (I-895), traveling through the Harbor tunnel, also provides another. Both routes will only add a couple of miles for goods movement. Hazardous material trucking will not be allowed through the tunnels and will be required to take I-695 around the west and north side of the city. This route is 14 miles longer than the Francis Scott bridge route. "Typically, semis get around 6.5 miles per gallon of diesel fuel2. Increasing the costs for the logistics and trucking companies. Based on the load capacity of a semi-trailer at 48,000 pounds, the increase in fuel expenditures will have a negligible effect on the cost to consumers. "The resilience of the supply chain has improved in the past couple of years due to lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent to which supply chain managers have grown and adopted changes will determine the ultimate effect the Francis Scott Key Bridge had on the supply chain." Dr. Rollis is available to speak with media about the impact the Key Bridge collapse will have on the supply chain. Simply click on his icon below to arrange an interview. ### 1Estimated fuel costs based on mileage from Chicago to the port with an estimated truck mileage of 6.5 per gallon at a price of $4.00 per gallon. 2Motorask.com, supported by the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The BTS did not have data after 2021, but the website Motorask.com used the higher mileage which is used in the calculation.
One of the most extensive ways humans modify the planet is through agricultural practices. At the University of Delaware, assistant professor Kyle Davis has been conducting research on sustainable agricultural food systems on a global scale for many years, thinking about how these systems, because of their vast impact, can also act as a catalyst for addressing issues related to sustainability. This research, as well as the mentoring of graduate students and the research they are conducting in his lab, earned Davis a 2023 Global Environmental Change Early Career Award from the American Geophysical Union (AGU). Davis, an assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences and the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, as well as a resident faculty member with UD’s Data Science Institute, said he was honored and humbled to receive the award and that he feels deeply fortunate to get to do research he loves and to work on new science with students from across the university. “One of the greatest joys of the job is being able to mentor graduate students,” Davis said. “I feel really lucky to get to work with a group of incredibly talented and enthusiastic graduate students who come from all over the world.” Davis said that, in a lot of ways, the research he conducts has grown through working with graduate students, coming up with ideas and exploring those ideas together. “So much of my research is the result of their passion, abilities, drive, and creativity,” Davis said. The Davis Lab conducts research on a global scale and also has a key focus on four main countries: the United States, China, India and Nigeria. The research in those areas takes on different forms and looks at different questions. In the U.S., for instance, the research is primarily focused on addressing questions related to water scarcity and food production in the West. The research in Nigeria concentrates on addressing agricultural data and information needs across the country, while the work in India and China is focused on questions related to crop production, nutrition, farmer livelihoods and water sustainability. “We look at the nutritional supply and climate resilience of different crops and their associated water, energy, fertilizer and pesticide needs and try to find opportunities to improve all of these outcomes simultaneously,” Davis said.
Ask the Expert: How to make agriculture more sustainable
MSU’s Bruno Basso outlines key steps the grain industry can take — with public support — to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by more than 70% over the next decade Michigan State University Foundation Professor Bruno Basso has long been a believer in the power of digital agriculture. For years, he’s worked to show how emerging digital tools and technologies — things like drones, robotics, satellite imagery and computer models of soil and plant growth — can help farmers promote sustainability without sacrificing profits. Now, in addition to belief, he also has concrete numbers. Basso, an ecosystems scientist in the College of Natural Science and the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, has helped outline how America’s grain industry can shrink its carbon footprint by 71% by 2030. The team — which included researchers at Duke University, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory and Benson Hill, a sustainable food technology company — published its findings online on June 21 in the journal the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Basso, who recently won a $250,000 award for sustainability innovations, sat down with MSUToday to talk about how farmers can achieve those reductions and how the public can help. The full article is attached and well worth the read. Basso tackles tough questions such as: How big is this problem? How much of our greenhouse gas emissions come from agriculture? Your new paper focuses on grains in particular. How big of an emitter is grain production, especially compared to other ag sectors such as livestock, which tends to get more attention? You talked about getting a 23% reduction by better management of fertilizer. How do we get to a 70% reduction by 2030? What are the obstacles that we need to overcome by 2030? Are you a journalist looking to cover this topic - then let us help. Bruno Basso is available to speak with media, simply click on his icon now to arrange an interview today.
Wastewater Hazards in Southwest Florida Spark Environmental Concerns Across the State and Beyond
Over the last week hundreds of millions of gallons of wastewater have spewed from a former fertilizer plant in Piney Point, Florida, which was abandoned in 2001 and taken over in 2006 by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. The location is adjacent to Tampa Bay, a 400-square-mile body of water that separates Tampa, Clearwater and St. Petersburg and is full of fish, crabs, seagrass, dolphins, manatees and seabirds of every kind. The state plans to close Piney Point, scientists are trying to forecast what comes next and environmentalists fear algal blooms and fish kills (also known as fish die-offs). “There are hundreds if not thousands of these waste storage ponds in the United States and each one is a ticking time bomb,” says Villanova University’s Metin Duran, PhD, an expert on the biological processes of environmental engineering, including public health microbiology and biological processes for waste management. “The last major disaster was in December 2008, when a 40-acre pond used by Tennessee Valley Authority for the coal-burning Kingston Fossil Plant collapsed. The aftermath included damage to the area’s ecosystem and lawsuits.” Regulations regarding waste storage ponds are at the state level, and they aren’t very strict, says Dr. Duran. “Though there are strict design and groundwater monitoring requirements to ensure waste does not cause groundwater pollution, these waste impoundments are prone to have issues under extreme weather events, such as heavy rains. With the increased frequency of such events recently, there is a risk that more of such may fail.” Dr. Duran adds that it can be difficult to predict short- and long-term effects of the Florida case, but the reported low-level radioactive contamination could cause major damage to aquatic life and properties—and that phosphorous and nitrogen would cause eutrophication in Tampa Bay as well.
Ants and plants, a mutually beneficial relationship
Ant-plant interactions are really common in nature, and while people might most often picture ants as carrying pieces of leaves cut from tropical plants, ant behavior in the Midwest is less appreciated. Moni Berg-Binder, Ph.D., associate professor of biology at Saint Mary’s University, finds ant mediated seed dispersal, called myrmecochory, fascinating and says that the temperate deciduous forests here in North America have many examples of plants that engage with the native plant community. “In myrmecochory, these plants, often spring ephemerals, which are early blooming spring plants, produce seeds with a nutritious structure that sticks off the seed called an elaiosome,” she said. “Typically what happens is the seeds fall to the ground which is called primary dispersal. The Ants forage and find the seeds on the ground and then pick up seeds and carry them to their nest. This is secondary dispersal. Then, once they get the seeds into their nests, those seeds are brought to places where developing larvae eat the elaiosome. But the seed is unharmed.” From there, she said the seeds are then deposited in a chamber inside of their nests or they may take the seeds and put them in a refuse pile or a garbage dump just outside the nest. Ants, apparently, keep a very clean nest. And oftentimes the ground soil around ant activity, is elevated in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, possibly moisture — all really good things for plants and essentially the same thing as fertilizer. So the seed flourishes. “It’s a beautiful example of mutualism,” she said. “The seed is taken and has effectively been planted inside this nest with nature’s fertilizer. The win from the ant perspective is that they received food.” Dr. Berg-Binder and her students have focused their research on a plant called bloodroot. Local ants disperse the seeds of bloodroot. Dr. Berg-Binder became interested in plant interactions while in graduate school when she became intrigued by the win-win scenario of mutualism. For her graduate work, she had been interested in conservation and how invasive species are introduced to a natural area where they did not typically belong. These invasive species can engage in mutualism with native species. She said there is much more studying to be done on the relationship native ants have with both native plants and invasive plants. Are ants helping the invasive species become more invasive? “They’re a great study system, and I find them really fascinating,” she said. Are you looking to know more about invasive species or ant and plant interactions? Or, are you a journalist covering this topic and looking to book an interview? That’s where we can help. To book an interview with Dr. Moni Berg-Binder, simply click below to access her contact information. Connect with: Moni Berg-Binder, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Biology Expertise: Invasive plant species and native plants; ecology and animal-plant interactions View profile https://expertfile.com/experts/moni.bergbinderphd/moni-bergbinder-phd
