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How to find a job in Canada and position yourself as an ideal candidate

Whether you’ve just received your Confirmation of Permanent Residence (CoPR) or have recently moved to Canada, finding employment and getting back in your field of work is always top of mind for many. As you begin your job search in Canada, there are a few things that are must-haves: A Social Insurance Number (SIN) – A nine-digit number that you need to work in Canada or to have access to government programs and benefits. Credential assessment for occupations such as teachers, accountants, medical professionals, engineers, social workers, etc. Credential assessment is a process through which you can get certified, registered, or licensed to practice your occupation in Canada. A Canadian-style resume and cover letter. Remember to customize your resume for each job application. Tip: To learn about the scope of your role in Canada and get deeper insights into specific job markets such as Information Technology (IT), Finance, Sales and Marketing, Project Management, Healthcare, Human Resources (HR), and others, download Arrive’s free guide for the Canadian job market. Once you’re equipped with these basic tools and resources, you’re ready to start looking for relevant opportunities. Here are a few ways you can get started with your job search in Canada. 8 ways to find a job in Canada 1. Browse job search websites Most job seekers use job search websites as the starting point while looking for opportunities. In Canada, many locally-popular sites provide more than just job listings. You can get access to employment trends, salary trends, career-planning tools, and industry information. The Canadian government’s Job Bank website is one such exhaustive resource. It is a job-listing aggregator so it pulls listings from multiple job sites which makes it convenient to browse opportunities. You can also check the provincial and territorial websites for more newcomer employment resources. What are the best job sites in Canada? Some popular job search websites are: LinkedIn Jobs, Indeed, Monster, Glassdoor, Workopolis, CareerBuilder, and SimplyHired. If you’re looking for freelancing opportunities or remote work, sites like UpWork, Fiverr, Jobboom, Jobillico, and Jobspresso are good options. 2. Network and volunteer One of the things to know as a job seeker is that Canada has a hidden job market. The hidden job market refers to positions that are filled without the employer advertising for it publicly. It is said that as much as 65-85 per cent of the jobs are not posted online. This is why networking is crucial to finding relevant opportunities – and LinkedIn is an excellent tool to get you started. You can use websites like Eventbrite and Meetup to locate industry-specific networking events near you. These events are excellent forums to find people from your field of work and strengthen your professional network. Giving back to the community (or volunteering) is usually well-regarded and valued in Canadian society. It can help you gain Canadian experience and learn the local culture and serves as a good way to meet other people and build your network. Tip: Volunteering can help you build your network and earn Canadian experience. To discover the importance of volunteering in Canada and learn how to find volunteering opportunities, read The benefits of volunteering as a newcomer in Canada. 3. Enrol with immigrant-serving organizations In Canada, there are various government-funded organizations such as ACCES Employment and COSTI that help newcomers find employment. Some are province and city-specific, so you can look up the government website to find one closest to you. These organizations help newcomers with a wide range of online and in-person career services such as resume building, interview preparation, language assessment, and finding a job. 4. Attend job fairs Many immigrant-serving organizations also organize job fairs. Some of these fairs are virtual and span a couple of days, while others are in-person events. Prepare for Canada, and JVS Toronto are organizations that do online job fairs periodically. One of the benefits of enrolling with a government-funded settlement organization is getting alerts for these job fairs. Following the social media channels for these organizations and browsing sites like Eventbrite and Meetup are also good ways to find upcoming job fairs. 5. Reach out to employment agencies and recruiters There are many employment agencies and specialized recruiters that can help you find a job in your field in Canada. These agencies and recruiters match jobseekers to employer positions. You can search for recruiters from your industry on sites like LinkedIn. Recruitment agencies in Canada may be nationally and/or internationally licensed. Those with a national license are only authorized to assist job seekers within Canada, while those with an international license can recruit overseas employees wanting to work in Canada. Who are the top recruitment agencies in Canada? Some popular employment agencies in Canada are Robert Half, Randstad Canada, and Hays Canada. Employment/recruitment/placement/staffing agencies cannot demand a fee from a jobseeker to help them find work. However, they can charge for additional services such as resume preparation, interview preparation, and job skills training. Tip: Beware of any employment agencies or recruiters asking you to pay a fee in exchange for a job offer, especially if you haven’t moved to Canada yet. Learn more about employment scams in Canada in the article, Common scams that newcomers to Canada should know about. 6. Browse career sections on company websites A good way to go about your job search is to make a list of organizations you would like to work at and then check the career sections on their respective websites. Most websites will let you send a job application for open positions directly through their site. Reach out to current or past employees through LinkedIn for a coffee chat to better understand the organizational structure and learn more about your desired role – this will also help you prepare for your interview. These conversations are also a great way to know about future job openings at the organization. Tip: Check out the list of top 100 employers in Canada and find organizations from your industry. 7. Enrol in bridging programs Bridging programs are designed for internationally-trained professionals and tradespeople who want to work in their field in Canada. They can help you get a licence or certification and integrate into the Canadian workplace. Some of the bridging programs’ services include courses, education and skills assessment, practical or workplace experience, exam preparation for licenses or certificates, language training, and action and learning plans to help you identify the training you may need. These programs may be virtual, or in-person or a combination of both. Usually, classroom training or work experience is part of the program. Depending on the bridging program you choose, there may be a fee associated with it. Contact a newcomer settlement agency near you or check local university or college websites to learn more about enrolment processes and eligibility criteria for specific bridging programs. 8. Look for a mentor Many Canadian professionals and industry leaders provide free advice and coaching to newcomers settling in Canada. This is a good way to learn how to adapt your skills and experience for the local job market and find relevant opportunities. You can look for a mentor through organizations like: Immigrant Services Association of Nova Scotia (ISANS) Calgary Region Immigrant Employment Council (CRIEC) Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council (TRIEC) Edmonton Region Immigrant Employment Council (ERIEC) Ottawa Community Immigrant Services Organization (OCISO) How to position yourself as an ideal candidate and get a job offer The job market in Canada is competitive. Once you’ve identified a job position that’s a good fit for your skills and experience, it’s time to stand out from the crowd and market yourself as the ideal candidate. Positioning yourself as a strong candidate to an employer begins with building your personal brand. Here are a few other aspects to keep in mind as you prepare for a job application. Be confident and tell your story Practise responses to basic interview questions and have an elevator pitch so you’ll be more confident during the interview. Elevator pitches are a good way to introduce yourself and make an impression at the start of an interview. They can also serve as an answer to the “tell me about yourself” question. Think of your achievements and use specific examples or stories to demonstrate how you are a good fit for the role. Job interview resources: How to prepare for a job interview 10 common job interview questions and how to answer them The interview process in Canada may seem nerve-wracking. Prepped is an excellent resource for you to practise your interview skills and confidently prepare for the interview process. 6 Tips for improving your job search in the Canadian market 1. Customize your resume and add a cover letter A generic resume and cover letter sent to multiple employers may not yield much success in your job search journey. Be sure to customize your resume to each position that you’re applying for by tailoring your work experience, skills, and any additional information to the role. The cover letter is a good way to justify any gaps in your resume or provide any additional info that your resume can’t. Adding a custom, well-written cover letter to your resume can make you stand out from the competition, thus improving your chances of being approached for an interview. 2.Research the company and the role Be sure to research the company you are interviewing with – this will help you have more meaningful conversations with the employer and ask relevant questions. Look up the company mission, vision, some of its history, and market standing. Align your responses to the organization’s goals. Candid reviews on sites like Glassdoor can help you get insight into the operations and culture of the company. Get the names and titles of people who will be interviewing you and learn a bit about their background – this information can come in handy while making small talk with interviewers. Network with current or past employees through LinkedIn to learn more about the company and identify their needs – it will help you suggest potential solutions during the interview. 3. Polish your LinkedIn profile In Canada, it is common for employers and recruiters to search your name online. Brush up and polish your LinkedIn profile so that it’s up-to-date with your experience and qualifications. Also, ensure your social media or blogs don’t raise any red flags about you or portray you in a negative light. 4.For virtual interviews: Check your connectivity and surrounding environment With the coronavirus pandemic, many organizations have their employees working remotely. There is also a growing trend of candidates being interviewed virtually or over the phone. With this new setup, it is essential to showcase soft skills such as self-motivation and communication and demonstrate your comfort level using technology to connect. Be sure to check your phone reception, internet bandwidth and hardware or software requirements to ensure a smooth audio/video call for your interview. Avoid taking such calls from a coffee shop or a place where background noise levels may be high. 5.Be punctual and dress for the job you want Whether it’s a virtual or an in-person interview, make sure you’re punctual and dress for the job you want. For in-person interviews, plan your journey beforehand and consider the traffic and weather conditions. With the dress code, you can never go wrong with formals – this applies to in-person as well as virtual interviews. 6.Follow-up after the interview After the interview, take the time to send a thank you note to each of your interviewers. While this reflects your enthusiasm for the position, it also ensures the interviewer remembers you while deciding whom to hire. Finding meaningful employment in Canada can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months. Preparation, persistence, determination, a positive attitude, and access to the right resources will help you find relevant opportunities. Original article located here, published by Arrive.

Coffee chats: Questions you should ask to network better

Networking is a way of life in Canada and is crucial to finding a role in your field of work. In the pre-COVID era, people usually networked at conferences, events or over in-person coffee chats or informational interviews. Today, due to the pandemic, networking has gone virtual. So, as a newcomer looking to build connections, whether you’re in your home country or Canada, it’s easy and convenient to set up virtual coffee chats or informational interviews with industry professionals. Sites like LinkedIn, Ten Thousand Coffees, Eventbrite and Meetup are excellent starting points for networking. Tip: For more helpful tips and advice to help you optimize your LinkedIn profile, and build your professional network strategically, read Top 10 tips to optimize your LinkedIn profile for job search in Canada and How to write compelling LinkedIn connection request messages. Networking offers many benefits: gain exposure to industry best practices, find a mentor, develop a rapport with an industry professional, find job leads, seek knowledge, etc. and happens in either a group setting (at conferences, events, etc.) or one-on-one meetings (coffee chats). In this article, we’ll elaborate on what a coffee chat entails and how you can prepare for it. You’ll also find some key questions to ask during your meetings to ensure you develop a meaningful connection. Networking offers many benefits: gain exposure to industry best practices, find a mentor, develop a rapport with an industry professional, find job leads, seek knowledge, etc. and happens in either a group setting (at conferences, events, etc.) or one-on-one meetings (coffee chats). In this article, we’ll elaborate on what a coffee chat entails and how you can prepare for it. You’ll also find some key questions to ask during your meetings to ensure you develop a meaningful connection. What is a coffee chat? A coffee chat, also known as an informational interview or coffee interview, is an informal, in-person or virtual meeting with an experienced professional to learn more about a specific company, an industry, or that individual’s career path and role. Coffee chats can also help you gain insights into the local job market and get accustomed to Canadian culture. Resources to help you learn more about coffee chats: How to build your network in Canada: The basics Where to build your network in Canada How to build your network: The coffee interview How to prepare for a coffee chat The key to a successful coffee chat is preparation. Research the person you’re meeting – look at their company website and go over their career path by visiting their LinkedIn profile, jot down some key questions you would like to ask, and bring a notepad and a pen to take notes. It is also recommended to have your elevator pitch ready – this will help you confidently answer the “tell me about yourself” question. If meeting in-person, plan your travel and be sure to get your guests’ phone number as trying to communicate via email in case of an unexpected situation while travelling can be tricky. Tip: If you’re meeting your guest at a coffee shop, offer to buy them a drink of their choice. It is awkward to have your guest pay for the drink if you’ve asked them to take time out of their schedule and meet you. To avoid confusion, you can email or message them prior to the meeting, specifying that you would like to treat them to coffee. What to ask during a coffee chat As you start your conversation, don’t be shy to make small talk – it’s part of Canadian culture. You can chat about the weather or your travel to the meeting location. If it’s a virtual meeting, the pandemic and related topics can be a good ice-breaker. Stay away from sensitive topics such as politics, religion, physical appearance, or age. If you’re ever stuck or feel lost or nervous during a coffee chat, here are some questions that you can ask to keep the conversation alive: 1. How did you get started in your career? I’d love to learn more about what you do and the core components involved. If you’ve done your research, you should have a few points to further personalize this question and make it specific. Listen carefully to the response and ask follow-up questions. Try to find mutual interests, connections, educational or work backgrounds, or locations – this will help you build deeper and more meaningful connections. 2. What does a typical day at [company] look like for you? What do you like most about your job? What’s the most challenging part of your job? These questions let you learn more about your guest’s role. It’s a good opportunity to get insight into how they manage their time and the key responsibilities they cater to. As a follow-up, you can ask questions about their career graph at the company and discuss how they’ve grown. It will help you get an idea of where you’ll need to start if you’re new to the field, how you could progress, and what to expect in a certain role. 3. What do you like most about working at [company]? (Or conversely) What are some less ideal aspects of working at [company]? These are good questions to get candid feedback about the company culture. Based on the responses, you can decide if the organization would be a good fit for you. 4. Are there any meetups or networking events that you would recommend? A valuable way to find out about important meetups, events, and conferences in your industry that you should attend to build your network. 5. What’s the next chapter for you in your career? This question can provide insight into typical career paths for professionals, such as yourself, in your domain. 6. Do you have any advice for someone like me – a newcomer who’s just getting started with their career in Canada? OR what skills do you think are most important for someone interested in a job like yours? Asking this question will help you understand the aspects and skills you should work on, and it will also help with level-setting expectations. 7. Do you have recommendations for anyone else I should talk to or resources I should explore? This is a simple, easy, and organic way to find your next guest for a coffee chat or an informational interview. And it also works well to get a list of websites you should be browsing or newsletters you should subscribe to. 8. Do you know anyone hiring that I should take a look at? Remember that a coffee or informational interview is not an opportunity to ask for a job, so be very careful how you phrase this question. It is OK to let them know that you’re looking out for career opportunities but do not directly ask for a job. Start your career in Canada with confidence! Download Arrive’s free guide on Starting your career in Canada to learn more about navigating a new job market while settling-in. Get information on topics like personal brand building, interview preparation, and accepting job offers that will help you make the most of opportunities. A coffee chat is not meant to be longer than 30 minutes. So pick and choose the questions that are most important to you (estimate five to seven minutes per question), and keep an eye on the time. After your coffee chat, be sure to send a thank you note – it goes on to show that you appreciate them taking the time to meet with you. Great coffee chats are a result of thorough research, preparation, personal enthusiasm, and gratitude – these qualities, combined with the right questions, can help you network effectively and grow your connections! Original article located here, published by Arrive.

How to rent an apartment with no credit history or job letter in Canada

For the first few months or even a couple of years, most newcomers moving to Canada consider renting accommodation versus buying property. As an essential and high priority task, this often turns out to be challenging as in addition to the rent deposit, landlords usually ask for an employment letter, a credit report, and references. And with just having moved to Canada, newcomers often aren’t able to meet these additional requirements. So, as a newcomer, how can you find permanent accommodation in Canada with no credit history and no job offer letter? In this article, we will share a few tips and workarounds on how to position yourself as a reliable tenant so you can find a suitable place for you and your family. Moving to Canada soon and looking for more tips on renting a place? See How to rent your first home as a newcomer in Canada. To build a stronger case as a reliable tenant, you can try combining as many tips as you can from the ones outlined below 8 tips to find a rental unit without credit history and job letter in Canada 1. Provide proof of savings from a bank account You can demonstrate your reliability as a tenant by showing proof of savings to cover a few months of rent. To do this, you don’t need to provide a detailed bank statement. Speak with your banking advisor to know your options; it may be possible to obtain a letter indicating that you are in possession of the funds to pay the rent. Moving to a new country comes with many challenges. Book an appointment with an RBC Advisor or call 1-800-769-2511 to find answers to any financial questions you may have. RBC’s phone services are available in up to 200 languages. Once you have your appointment booked, an advisor will reach out to check whether you’d like to meet via phone, video or in-branch. 2. Provide a local guarantor or co-signer A guarantor or a co-signer is someone who agrees to pay rent on your behalf if you are not able to. Being a guarantor or co-signer is legally-binding, and usually, only close friends or relatives will agree to act as a guarantor for you. You should also consider the impact on your relationship with them should you fail to hold up your end of the bargain. 3. Look for house-share or apartment-share arrangements You can try to find a shared accommodation by – Subleasing from an existing tenant; or Co-signing the lease agreement with a roommate who has a good credit history; or Leasing from a landlord who lives in the same apartment or house. What is a sublease? A sublease allows you to rent a room from the original tenant of an apartment. Rent payments are made to the existing tenant who, in turn, pays the landlord. Generally, rooms that are subleased by tenants don’t require you to provide a credit report or employment letter. This may differ from place to place and depends on the urgency of the tenant who is subletting. In Canada, many people seek out roommates for their living arrangements. Instead of signing a sublease with the existing tenant, you could explore the option of co-signing the lease with a roommate who has a good credit history, to meet the credit history requirement. Landlords renting out a room in their own house or apartment may be willing to overlook the requirement for credit history and/or employment letter. You can start your search by looking for shared accommodation listings on sites like Kijiji, Craigslist, and some provincially popular options like Home Zone on Facebook (for Toronto and GTA listings). Tip: Sites like Kijiji and Craigslist tend to have many scammers. If a listing seems too good to be true, it’s probably a scam. Do not make any payments until you verify the place in-person and sign the appropriate paperwork. 4. If you can, offer more than expected deposit Each province in Canada has legal guidelines on rent deposit payments to be made by tenants before moving in. For example, in Ontario, renters are required to pay first and last month rent; there’s no security deposit. But in British Columbia, you will be required to pay a security deposit equivalent to half the monthly rent. In the absence of a credit report and employment letter, you can offer the landlord a few more months of rent upfront – this can be a huge incentive for the landlord to accept your application over another. Remember, the landlord cannot legally ask you for any additional amount beyond the specified norms. So be sure to check the guidelines for the province you are moving to and accordingly present your offer to the landlord. 5. Explore condos rented out by individual owners It can be relatively easier to find a condo or apartment that’s owned by individual landlords versus those that are owned by property management firms or large institutional investors. The application process for apartments located in rental buildings is usually very strict and offers little to no flexibility in terms of credit and employment verification. However, in a condo setting, most landlords are individuals and might be open to accepting you as a tenant, subject to your reliability. 6. Consider neighborhoods that are away from prime locations Finding a place in the heart of the city or the city centre is usually challenging even for those who have credit history and employment records to show. Broadening your search and considering the suburbs or neighbourhoods that are on the radius of the city may prove helpful in finding a suitable place. While you do this, if you don’t have a car, keep a close eye on public transportation and commute time to the city centre. 7. Book temporary accommodation for the first couple of months If you have friends or family already residing in Canada and they’re open to hosting you, it may be a good idea to plan your stay with them for the first few months. For those who cannot leverage this option, you can try booking long-term stays at an Airbnb, a hotel, or a hostel. Hostels in Canada are clean, secure, and extremely budget-friendly; some even provide free breakfast. Often, you’ll be able to choose between staying in a mixed dorm or a male or female-only dorm. Some hostels also provide private rooms at a higher cost. Try exploring sites like HostelWorld, HI Hostels, Booking.com, or Kayak to find good deals. If you are moving to Toronto as a single young professional, you can now skip the temporary accommodation part entirely and book a SoulRoom. Get a fully furnished room in one of the great locations in the city, at an affordable price. All rooms at SoulRooms come at a minimum six-month lease and are ready to live, equipped with high-speed internet, cable and utilities with shared living spaces. Just unpack your bags and be at home! Some landlords are willing to rent to tenants with a two or three-month credit history. Booking or arranging temporary accommodation for the first few months will give you a couple of months of time to build your credit. For a deeper understanding of how to build your credit, download Arrive’s guide onCredit and credit scores in Canada. How to obtain a credit report It takes at least a few weeks to a month for newcomers to receive their first Canadian credit card and a few additional months of credit transactions to generate a credit history. EQUIFAX and TransUnion are the two major credit rating organizations in Canada, and you can choose either one to get your credit report. Detailed instructions to obtain the report are available on the respective websites. 8. Take up a survival job and/or volunteer Survival jobs are lower-skilled jobs where significant education or extensive professional experience is usually not required. For example, working as a driver with a ride-sharing service, warehouse or factory worker, cashier at a grocery store, barista at a coffee shop, food delivery person, sales associate, telemarketing associate, cleaner, or a server at a restaurant. Volunteering is an integral part of Canadian culture, and giving back to the community is usually well-regarded and valued in Canadian society. It involves giving personal time freely for the benefit of another person, group, or cause. Both survival jobs and volunteering are good ways to earn Canadian experience, practice your language skills, build your network locally, and gather references for your rental application. Survival jobs will also provide you with an employment letter and cover basic living expenses while still allowing you to continue looking for your desired role. Helpful articles: Taking up survival jobs as a newcomer in Canada: All you need to know The benefits of volunteering as a newcomer in Canada Finding your first long-term permanent accommodation in Canada can be stressful and challenging. Following the tips outlined in this article will ensure you have a place to stay while you build your credit history and find employment. And over time, you will be well-positioned to find a place you can call home! Original article located here, published by Arrive.

10 tips to adapt to life in Canada

As a newcomer experiencing Canada for the first time, there may be some cultural differences you’re not familiar with. Adjusting to a new environment and culture can be difficult if you have no idea what to expect. In this article, we will share a few tips, resources and advice that will help you to better adapt to life in Canada and avoid culture shocks. 1. Be polite – use the words “please,” “sorry,” and “thank you” frequently Canadians are known to be very polite – the words, ‘please,’ ‘sorry,’ ‘thank you,’ ‘may I,’ and ‘excuse me’ are frequently used in social settings and interactions. Being polite is valued and expected, even with strangers. Note that these common courtesies don’t necessarily signal a desire to be friendly; they’re merely a social standard. Fun Fact: Canadians use the word ‘sorry’ so much that in 2009 they had to pass an Apology Act in Ontario. It means that if any Canadian says ‘sorry’ at the time of a crime or incident, it won’t count as an admission of guilt – just an expression of sympathy. Without this, there’d probably be many apologetic Canadians in prison. 2. Be punctual In Canada, punctuality is a sign of respect – everyone does their best to arrive on time for all personal, professional and social engagements. If you’re late, people will worry that something has happened to you or that you have forgotten about your appointment. It may also come across as being disrespectful. If you anticipate reaching late or if you cannot make it, social protocol dictates that you inform the host or meeting organizer about your change in schedule and remember to do this as much in advance as possible. 3. Network as much as you can Canada is an attractive destination for talent from all across the world. Many candidates have relevant qualifications, compelling track records, and winning personalities. This makes Canada diverse and multicultural, with a competitive job market. Tapping into the hidden job market and gathering valuable referrals are just two of the many benefits that networking offers; it also serves as a way to stand out from the competition and get noticed. The hidden job market refers to positions that are filled without the employer advertising them publicly. As much as 65-85 per cent of the jobs are not posted online, and approximately 40 per cent of positions are filled through a referral. This is why building your network in Canada can be very helpful in finding a job. Tip: When reaching out to a connection to ask for a job referral, establish a “warm” connection first. Start by asking your contact to learn more about their career journey through an informational interview and share your learnings and experiences as well. Resources to help you learn more about networking in Canada: How to build your network in Canada: The basics Where to build your network in Canada How to build your network: The coffee interview Coffee chats: Questions you should ask to network better 8 ways to meet new people and grow your network in Canada 4. Reach out to settlement services when you need help Settlement services and agencies exist in Canada to provide free support to newcomers at every step of the newcomer journey. They are available in both pre- and post-arrival and are funded partially or fully by the Canadian government to promote the comfortable integration of newcomers into Canadian society. Settlement services provide support in various areas, including career, housing, healthcare, immigration, education, and more. When you begin using settlement services in Canada, you may be connected with a settlement worker who will work with you one-on-one to support your settlement process. Tip: You can also visit the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website to learn about settlement agencies and newcomer centres in your area that offer free newcomer services near you. Accessing settlement services in pre-arrival can fast-track your transition to Canadian life and help you adapt better. See Pre-arrival settlement services for newcomers to Canada for detailed information on various programs that may be available to you in your home country. 5. Familiarize yourself with cultural differences and keep an open mind Canada is a diverse and multicultural nation – people from different countries, all with their unique values, traditions, faith, languages, food and cultures reside here. An important part of adapting to Canadian life is being open to learning about other cultures and making a conscious effort to live in harmony while acknowledging the differences that exist. Having a positive attitude and keeping an open mind is key to this transition. Remember that in Canada, everyone is treated equally and with respect, irrespective of their gender, occupation, race, religion, or sexual orientation. Therefore, you shouldn’t let any stereotypes, biases or prejudices influence your words and actions while interacting with others. Respect personal space and privacy Canadians value their personal space and privacy. It’s best to stay away from discussing topics related to salary, family life, weight, religion, political views, etc. Disruptive behavior such as cutting in line, speaking out of turn, shouting, talking loudly are frowned upon. And remember to always ask permission before using anything that’s not yours. Allergies and sensitivities are common in Canada Allergies are very common in Canada. It is estimated that one in 13 Canadians have at least one food allergy. Most prevalent food allergies include shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, egg, wheat, sesame, and soy. Hence, before offering food to someone, it is always advisable to check with them for allergies. Some people also have sensitivities. For instance, strong colognes and perfumes aren’t recommended because many people have sensitivities or allergies to strong scents. 6. Volunteer often Volunteering is an integral part of Canadian culture. Children are encouraged to do it, and high school students must complete mandatory volunteer hours. Adults volunteer their time and skills at charities, non-profit organizations, political parties, religious faith organizations, youth groups, and many other places. According to Statistics Canada, in 2013, 44 per cent of the population, aged 15 years and older, participated in some form of volunteer work. Volunteering involves giving personal time freely for the benefit of another person, group, or cause. It can help you – Build and grow your network: During your initial days or months as a newcomer in Canada, you may not know many people. Volunteering offers a forum to meet other like-minded individuals – newcomers and locals alike – and build your social and professional networks. Gain Canadian experience: Volunteering can help you bridge gaps in your work history while you look for a job and is a good way to gain the much-coveted, Canadian experience. Moreover, you can always ask the company you volunteered with to provide reference letters, which can be useful in your job applications. Volunteering also offers the opportunity to learn new skills and brush up on your English or French language skills. Integrate with Canadian society: Besides offering career-specific benefits, volunteering in non-traditional setups such as at your local religious/faith organization, at your child’s school, or at a park in your neighbourhood will help you broaden your social circle and smoothen your transition to Canadian life. To discover the importance of volunteering in Canada, and learn how to find volunteering opportunities, read The benefits of volunteering as a newcomer in Canada. 7. Tipping for services is ingrained in Canadian life Canada, like many other countries, has a prominent tipping culture. Tipping (also called, leaving gratuity) when receiving any services tells the staff how good you thought their service was. It is not mandatory but in certain situations it is customary and expected. Not tipping for services is considered rude. Why tips matter In Canada, service and hospitality industry workers (such as bartenders, servers, hairdressers, drivers, food delivery persons, etc.) are generally paid only minimum wage. Some provinces have a separate (lower) minimum wage for the hospitality industry: the expectation is that tips earned will make up the difference for these workers. Who should you tip It is common to tip when paying for services in the hospitality industry. This includes but isn’t limited to: restaurant wait staff, food or grocery delivery personnel, bartenders, coat check personnel, hotel staff (like, housekeeping, maids, bellhop, valet, and room service), hair stylists, beauticians and masseurs, taxi drivers and ride-share (Uber/Lyft) drivers. Note: You are not expected to tip for counter service (e.g. at coffee shops and cafes – where you place an order over the counter, food trucks, ice cream shops, bakeries, etc.). You’ll often see tip jars at these places. You can tip if you receive good or exceptional service, but it isn’t expected. Tip: Sometimes the tip may be automatically added to the bill; be sure to check that so you don’t tip twice. Read Tipping in Canada: Things to know as a newcomer to learn how to calculate tips and get information on average tips for varied services. 8. Customize your resume and cover letter to the position you’re applying for Merely having a one-page Canadian-style resume and cover letter isn’t enough. You should customize it to suit the job description and requirements of the position you are applying for. Tailor your work experience, skills, and any additional information to the role. Include keywords from the job posting and always start your sentence with relevant action verbs like spearheaded, achieved, managed, trained, etc. Also, remember to craft a compelling summary for your resume. While working on your resume, avoid including very detailed information for each position you have held; you can share relevant details in the interview instead. Recruiters and hiring managers prefer seeing quantified accomplishments on resumes. The ‘CAR’ approach is a good way to help you structure individual sentences: C = what was the Challenge, A = what Action did you take, and R = what the Result was. For free, downloadable resume templates and more valuable tips on creating a stand-out resume and cover letter see, Canadian resume and cover letter: Format, tips, and templates. 9. Familiarize yourself with Canadian slang You may have heard of the famous Canadian phrase ‘eh’ – some locals append it to the end of almost any sentence. Other popular slangs are: Toque = beanie (winter hat) $1 CAD coin = loonie $2 CAD coin = toonie Kilometre = klick or click 6ix = Toronto Timmies = Tim Hortons (chain of coffee shops) Double-double = a coffee with two milks and two sugars; only used at Tim Hortons Mickey = a 375 ml (26 oz) bottle of liquor Two-four = a case of 24 beers Pop = soda, a soft drink, or any flavored carbonated beverage That’s jokes = something is hilarious or funny Darts = cigarettes Mounties = The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Parkade = a multi-story parking lot Washroom = Canadian term for a bathroom or restroom Beavertail = deep-fried dessert pastry resembling a beaver’s tail 10. Familiarize yourself with ice-breakers and small talk It is very common for Canadians to open any conversation/meeting/coffee chat with small talk. So, don’t be shy to initiate small talk – it’s part of Canadian culture. You can chat about the weather, your hobbies, how you spent your weekend, things you do outside of work, food, fitness, your travel to the meeting location, or sports. Avoid sensitive topics such as politics, religion, physical appearance, or age. As you settle in, common courtesy combined with curiosity will enable you to better understand Canadian culture. When in doubt or if you’re confused, it’s a good idea to ask people around you. Patience, understanding and immersion in local culture will help you to learn and adapt faster. Original article located here, published by Arrive.

Your First Week as an International Student in Canada

Canada is one of the world’s leading study destinations, due to its high quality of education, diverse culture, and overall quality of life. Each year, the country welcomes thousands of international students and sets them on a path to academic and personal success. Whether you have just started researching options on where to study or have already been accepted into a Canadian university of your choice, this article will serve as a handy guide for what to expect during your first week in Canada as an international student. In this article: Getting settled in Following quarantine protocol Financial basics for international students Registration at your university Familiarizing yourself with the neighbourhood and campus Getting connected Understanding student life Getting settled in Once you’ve completed your landing formalities at the airport, you are ready to get started on your exciting journey as an international student in Canada. The first item on your agenda will be getting settled into your new accommodation or temporary quarantine location. You can use ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft or ask a friend or relative to pick you up at the airport and take you to your accommodation. Note: Due to quarantine restrictions, all international travellers landing in Canada are required by law to go directly to their accommodation or quarantine location, without making any stops on the way. As an international student, you will need to secure accommodation (at least on a temporary basis) prior to your arrival in Canada. You can choose to live either on- or off-campus, depending on your budget and requirements. If you haven’t been able to secure accommodation on-campus, there are plenty of other housing options available for international students. Following quarantine protocol The Canadian government has recently eased border restrictions for fully vaccinated travellers, including international students. All international students, regardless of vaccination status, must have a quarantine plan in place and need to follow quarantine protocol as per the Government of Canada ArriveCAN app (this is unrelated to the Arrive app for newcomers). Fully vaccinated students are now exempt from most mandatory quarantine requirements. However, in addition to the pre-arrival COVID-19 (Coronavirus) test, you will also be required to take another COVID test upon arrival in Canada and must quarantine until a negative test result is received. International students who are NOT fully vaccinated will be required to: Take a COVID test immediately after arrival, Book a three-day stay at a government-approved hotel, where they must remain in quarantine until they obtain a negative result to their first post-arrival COVID test. You may leave the hotel as soon as the result comes in, without having to wait the full three days, and go to your personal quarantine location. Get a second post-arrival COVID test on day 8 before exiting their quarantine on day 15. Tip: Your Designated Learning Institution (DLI) may have a quarantine protocol in place for international students. Before arranging short-term accommodation for your first few days in Canada, check if your DLI will be making quarantine arrangements in an on-campus dorm. Financial basics for international students As an international student in Canada, there are some essential financial basics you will need to complete in your first few days here. You might be able to begin some of these tasks during your quarantine period to get a head start on your checklist. Obtaining a SIN If you plan to work part-time while you study in Canada, you will require a Social Insurance Number (SIN). Depending on the airport you land in and your time of arrival, you may be able to get your SIN at the airport. If you are unable to obtain a SIN at the airport, you have the option to apply online or by mail. Opening a bank account Use your quarantine period to explore the different banking options and offers available for international students. As an international student, you want a trusted partner who understands your banking needs and is committed to newcomer success. Some banks (like RBC) are currently allowing international students to open student bank accounts remotely while in quarantine. To open a student bank account with RBC, you will require the following documents: Your passport Student permit (IMM 1442) or Temporary Resident Visa (TRV) Proof of enrollment (optional, good-to-have) Social Insurance Number (SIN) or proof of residence (optional, good-to-have) Information: Book an appointment with an RBC Advisor to get answers to your questions about student banking, and to learn more about opening an RBC student bank account remotely while in quarantine. Getting a credit card Having a good credit score is essential for financial success in Canada. As an international student, you may need a credit score for accommodation rental or lease application, or a car loan. Getting a credit card is your first step towards building a good credit history in Canada. Credit cards are a convenient option for making payments, without having to carry cash. Unlike a debit card, a credit card allows you to make purchases first and pay later. However, credit cards typically have very high interest rates, and late payments can result in high penalties. Make sure you speak with your banking advisor to have a good understanding of how your credit card works before signing your contract. You can gradually build your credit history by paying off your credit card bills on-time and in full. Creating a budget A good budget can help you plan your expenses, save money for the future, and prevent financial worries as you study in Canada. As an international student, your biggest expense aside from tuition fees will likely be accommodation. In addition, you will also need to budget for utilities, transportation, food, groceries, phone and internet expenses, furniture, insurance, and entertainment. It is also a good practice to set aside a small sum each month for emergency expenses. Tip: The cost of living in Canada may be very different compared to your home country. The Arrive Monthly Expenses Calculator can help you estimate and plan your monthly budget in Canada. Registration at your university With quarantine and social distancing considerations in place, the registration and course enrollment process at your university might be fully or partially virtual. Check your university website or contact your university to get information about your semester timetable, the dates and process for class registration, and getting a student card. You can also sign up for the International Student Identity Card (ISIC) for special discounts from featured partners in Canada. Many universities in Canada are offering a mix of virtual and in-person classes, and your class schedule may vary depending on the course you’ve enrolled in. Sign up for orientation classes to prepare for your academic journey. Familiarizing yourself with the neighbourhood and campus You will likely be spending a lot of time in and around your campus. Walk around your campus and new neighbourhood (if you are living off-campus) to familiarize yourself with the area. Review your campus map or ask around to locate the gym, health services, library, dining hall, class buildings, restaurants, and grocery stores. Don’t hesitate to check if the stores or restaurants you visit offer discounts to students. Most cities in Canada have an extensive public transportation network. Whether you plan to commute to campus or explore the neighbourhood, the public transit system can be a convenient way of getting around. Learn about the transit system in your city, get a transit pass, and start exploring. Information: Get to know more about public transportation in key Canadian cities through our Getting Around article series for Toronto, Ottawa, Edmonton, Montreal, Calgary, Vancouver, and Winnipeg. Getting connected With “virtual” becoming the norm in student life, staying connected to your friends, family, and university will likely be on your list of essentials. In Canada, you have the option of choosing between a pay-as-you-go (prepaid) or postpaid phone plan. However, since postpaid plans typically require a credit check, most international students start with a prepaid phone service. Some carriers also allow you to purchase a prepaid SIM card online and have it delivered to your address. International students living on-campus typically have internet access through their local Wi-Fi network. If you are living off-campus, you may need to sign up for an internet service. The cost of a monthly internet plan typically ranges between $50 to $80 CAD, depending on the provider and plan. Do your research on comparative costs, offers, and typical usage limits, before selecting a phone and internet provider. Understanding student life Student life in Canada is about more than just academic success. Take the time to meet your new classmates, either in-person or virtually, to forge new connections and friendships. Many universities have on-campus student groups where you might find people with similar interests or backgrounds. Most academic institutions will be offering a mix of virtual and in-person classes in the coming semesters. Use your first week to ensure that you’re all set up for online learning, technology-wise, to avoid interruptions in classes later. Once you have your course timetable, keep your schedule in mind while planning extracurricular activities, such as socializing, sports, exercising, exploring the city, or working part-time. Working part-time can not only bring in extra income but can also help you build skills, grow your network, and explore future career opportunities. If your study permit allows you to work part-time as an international student, evaluate how many hours you might reasonably be able to work, without impacting your academic success. Your first week as an international student in Canada may seem overwhelming at first as you get the basics in place. But with some prior research and planning, you will be able to settle into your new schedule, make the most of your student life, and set yourself up for long-term success. The Arrive mobile app is your essential companion to prepare for and navigate life as an international student in Canada. Whether you’re just exploring study options in Canada or are getting ready for your move, you’ll get the information and resources you need, when you need them, all in one place. Original article located here, published by Arrive.

Ask the Expert: How can I make a smooth return to in-person work?

As COVID-19 restrictions lift, many people are finding themselves getting called back to in-person work environments after 16 months in remote settings. To help those grappling with anxiety and uncertainty surrounding this return to "normal," Angela Hall, associate professor in Michigan State University’s School of Human Resources and Labor Relations, offers tips for making the transition as smooth and stress-free as possible. What are some tips for adjusting from a work-from-home back to a nine-to-five schedule? Practice! Practice getting up early, putting on your work clothes and even retracing your commute. Things like that can get you physically and mentally prepared to get back to the office. Create a daily, a weekly and even a monthly schedule for yourself that you continuously update to not only hold yourself accountable and stay on track with events and meetings, but to get a psychological boost every time you check something off the list. Set new ground rules for interactions with your co-workers. In some offices before the pandemic, hugs and handshakes were totally fine, but now those norms may need to be reconsidered. Just because someone was comfortable with that before doesn't mean they'll be comfortable now, which is why having a conversation about boundaries and comfort zones can ease those anxieties. Be generous with your time when scheduling meetings and assigning yourself tasks. Not only will you probably be juggling virtual and in-person meetings, but you may also have a bunch of people coming to your desk to say hello, especially when you first return. Realize that you may not be as productive as you think you'll be right away. Finally, use this transition as an opportunity to hit the reset button. This is an opportunity to revisit and possibly revamp how you do things at work, so try to put a positive spin on that and think of ways to improve your workday. What are some tangible ways that employees can practice self-care during the workday if they feel anxious or overwhelmed? First, know it's totally normal to feel stressed out right now. Just like it was very stressful when we first went home, this is a new kind of stress. As humans, it’s very stressful any time there are major changes, so give yourself some grace and know it's okay to be anxious. Take time for yourself, even if it's just five minutes. Things like practicing meditation, listening to calming music and going for a walk can make a very big difference. If you feel comfortable, lean on your co-workers. Research shows that social support acts as a buffer between stressors and actual feelings of stress. Be willing to talk to your co-workers, laugh with them and commiserate with them — it can be helpful for both of you. For employees who may be asked to come to the office more often than they may be comfortable, what are some good tactics for addressing those concerns with their supervisors? First of all, be transparent and proactive. Bring your concerns to your boss before you return to the office full time, feel miserable and become resentful. Schedule a time to talk and be open and honest about your concerns. Arm yourself with data. Be prepared to prove your flexibility and productivity with whatever metric you use to measure your success at work, whether that's quotas, numbers, ratings, etc. Let your success over the last year-and-a-half talk for you. Explain your reasons behind wanting to continue working from home at least some of the time. Does the quiet environment help you focus? Does the lack of commute allow you to get more things done? Explain how working from home benefits you and your work performance simultaneously. Finally, predict and address your boss' concerns. Is your boss worried about maintaining a lively office culture? Productivity? Acknowledge these concerns and show how you plan to address them so they won't be an issue later. Finally, what are some things employers can do to help their employees transition smoothly back into the office? Don't expect things to be perfect as soon as people come back. Strongly consider a hybrid model to ease the transition. Have regular check-ins with your employees to discuss comfort levels and individual concerns. Make sure they can still perform everyday office duties, like using a photocopier or using their office phone, as these are skills they haven't used in over a year. If you can, try scheduling meetings for midday rather than early in the morning or at the end of the day. That way, as employees are still getting used to waking up early and spending an entire day at the office, they don't miss any important information if they're tired or burned out. Finally, be open to feedback and employee ideas about how to make the transition smoother and what improvements can be made to make the workplace even better. Keep in mind that even though things may not be exactly how they were before the pandemic, they can still be great in their own way If you're a journalist looking covering the workplace as America begins to transition back - then let our experts help with your coverage.  Angela Hall from Michigan State University’s School of Human Resources and Labor Relations is available to speak with media - simply click on her icon now to arrange an interview today.

Aston University cyber security experts shape government policy around resilience of supply chains

"Cyber security of any organisation, inclusive of its supply chain, should be promoted in conjunction with other organisational targets, such as profitability, productivity and financial/operational risk management" Professor Vladlena Benson, Aston University Researchers from Aston University’s Cyber Security Innovation (CSI) Research Centre have been invited to respond to the call for evidence by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) The centre works with businesses to help improve resilience to cyber attacks It comes after a series of high-profile attacks on managed service providers affecting thousands of firms and compromising government agencies. Experts from the Cyber Security Innovation (CSI) Research Centre at Aston University have responded to a call for evidence by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) on cyber security in supply chains and managed service providers. The CSI centre works with businesses to help improve their security posture and develops state-of-the-art solutions for supply chain resilience and business continuity. Recent research1 from the centre explored organisational approaches to supply chain management in the West Midlands, specifically in the times of remote arrangements and when traditional business continuity practices in supply chain management have been challenged. It comes as two high profile attacks (SolarWinds and Kesya) on managed service providers threatened the world and brought to a standstill credit card processing for major retail chains in Sweden, while US government officials' personal data was compromised. The €6.9m TRACE project, an EU-funded scheme of which Aston University is a key partner, addresses these issues and kicked off on Friday 9 July 2021. Professor Vladlena Benson, director of the CSI at Aston Business School, recently attended a round table by the Minister of Digital Infrastructure. She said: “Based on the conclusions of our research, we make a recommendation that cyber security of any organisation, inclusive of its supply chain, should be promoted in conjunction with other organisational targets, such as profitability, productivity and financial/operational risk management. “The identification and promotion of synergies between cyber security, profitability and productivity is a strong driver to ensure that, at a senior level, organisations take responsibility and accountability for effective cyber risk management. Dr Donato Masi, from the CSI Centre at Aston University, said: “Profitability or productivity are close to the competitive advantage of the firm and security of the supply chain of any organisation underpins its longevity on the market it operates in. “Investment in cyber security measures, including supply chain risk assessment and counter-threat controls, should be viewed as a ‘cost of doing business’ and business success and/or longevity.” 1Find out more about the research of the CSI Centre here

Crossing Space and Time at Japan Society's 2021 Annual Dinner

On June 22, Japan Society celebrated its 2021 Annual Dinner, raising over $1.3 million to take us into the next year and beyond. It was—literally and virtually—a star-studded evening at the intersection of science, art, culture, business, and the U.S.-Japan alliance. After a special message from Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, the program included a conversation between former JAXA astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, the second Japanese woman to fly in space, and Ambassador Caroline Kennedy—marking the 60th anniversary of President Kennedy's Moonshot Address, followed by a performance from Japan's Ryoma Quartet. The keynote Fireside Chat brought together two titans of industry, our very own Chairman Joseph Perella, Chairman Emeritus, Perella Weinberg Partners and private equity pioneer Henry Kravis, Co-Chairman and Co-CEO of KKR—also the recipient of this year's Japan Society Award. Mr. Kravis underscored the value of investing in long-term relationships throughout his talk with Mr. Perella, noting, "You have to be patient. You have to set your mission. You have to have a focus on ESG (environmental, social, and governance). Any company today that is not focusing on their ESG and on diversity of their workforce is not going to have much of a future. Today, it's not all about making money. That's a part of it. But it's also very important to ask, 'What are you doing for society, what are you doing to help your country?'" In her conversation with astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, Ambassador Caroline Kennedy cited her father's famous Moonshot Address at Rice University in 1962: "We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too." Yamazaki, who is working to inspire the next generation in aerospace, among other initiatives, is "thrilled to be able to witness the Artemis Program, which is sending the first woman and the first person of color to the moon, with international cooperation. Japan is in charge of the cargo transfer to the Lunar Gateway, the station [that will orbit the moon], and also Toyota and JAXA are developing a pressurized lunar rover to explore the surface of the moon." For Japan Society, the next 50 years will be our own Moonshot, as we move forward into a new post-pandemic inflection point—a significant reopening full of energy and excitement this fall that embodies the best of American and Japanese spirit. It's time to reach beyond the physical space of our landmarked building, which opened to the public 50 years ago in September 1971, re-imagining our enduring mission of connecting American and Japanese people, cultures, and societies across time and space for the next half century. Sixty years ago, President John F. Kennedy's Moonshot Address inspired a generation of Americans to look to the moon in the spirit of adventure, patriotism, and freedom. Today, under new leadership in the United States and Japan, Japan Society starts a new chapter in building our kizuna, our forward-facing energy and deeply interwoven connections, between New York and Japan – and beyond. How do we continue to inspire the next generation of leaders in U.S.-Japan relations? As we think about the next 50 years at Japan Society, much has changed, yet many of the foundations remain the same from our starting point 114 years ago. There's a lot to look forward to as we celebrate significant milestones in 2021-22 and beyond. As Mr. Kravis said, in order to grow and to survive, "You have to keep innovating, you have to keep moving." Japan Society is a convener for the future. With your support, we, too, will overcome the tough challenges facing this world and the U.S.-Japan alliance, together. See you at Japan House and on the far side of the moon! If you missed out on our 2020-21 season, below are some of the highlights. Stay tuned for more exciting events coming this summer and fall, in person and online! Published on June 22, 2021 on Japan Society’s new Watch & Read page.

England’s identity: fans sing football’s coming home, but what is home?

Sport matters to national identity. The pageantry of flags, emblems and anthems (both official and unofficial) load sport with symbolism and imagery of the nation. One of the key reasons governments spend billions of dollars to host sporting mega events is to build or reinforce a sense of national identity. However, national identity is fluid, not fixed. Sport offers an arena in which national identity can adapt and change. In England, where many civic institutions represent Britain as a whole, the men’s national football team is particularly important to English identity. In 1996, the country hosted the European Championships tournament. This coincided with the so-called awakening of English national identity, symbolised by the supplanting of the union flag with the waving of the Saint George’s cross at Wembley football stadium and the singing of a new fans’ anthem, Three Lions (Football’s Coming Home). In recent years, celebrating Englishness has often been linked to a narrow and exclusive imagery, which is said to marginalise ethnic minorities and those with a more socially liberal perspective, and has been tied to a football culture often associated with hooliganism. Yet now, as England have reached the finals of the Euros for the first time, the team and its manager, Gareth Southgate, have put football at the centre of a debate about English identity for the opposite reason. Is a more proud, inclusive version of Englishness emerging? Multicultural teams in a globalised world A recent graphic promoted by the UK’s Museum of Migration shows a stark picture of what England’s starting 11 would look like without immigration over the past two generations. With only three players without a parent or grandparent born overseas, the national team is held up as a microcosm of a diverse, multicultural population (although the absence of England’s significant Asian communities is glaring). To paraphrase historian Eric Hobsbawm, the imagined community of multicultural England seems more real as a team of eleven named people. As Southgate said before the 2018 World Cup: “In England we have spent a bit of time being a bit lost as to what our modern identity is. I think as a team we represent that modern identity and hopefully people can connect with us.” In many ways, this is old news. Sport in England and the UK (akin to national identity) has always been a multinational affair, owing to its colonial ties with the countries of the former British Empire. Whether it was Jamaican-born John Barnes scoring against Brazil in 1984, Kevin Pietersen (South African born) winning the Ashes in 2005, or Greg Rusedski (Canadian born), Johanna Konta (Australian born) or, more recently, Emma Raducanu (Canadian born) performing at Wimbledon, British sport has long reflected its colonial history and the tensions and contingencies that brings. Nor is this issue unique to England or the UK. In 1998, the French World Cup-winning team was both celebrated and attacked by pro- and anti-migrant voices for the multiracial makeup of their “rainbow team”, as a large proportion of its players – including its star Zinedine Zidane – had ethnic backgrounds in former French colonies in Africa and the Caribbean. The imperial legacies of Belgium, Netherlands and Portugal are also evident in the diversity of their respective squads. Beyond former colonial powers, most national teams are now more ethnically diverse than they were 30 years ago, due to globalisation and the naturalisation of foreign athletes. England’s quarter-final opponents Ukraine have fielded Brazilian born players Júnior Moraes and Marlos this year, and their captain Andriy Yarmolenko was born in Russia. In addition to historical, cultural and linguistic connections, there is a clear performance imperative: teams that embrace ethnic diversity often outperform teams that don’t. ‘Englishness’ and immigration What is significant about this moment is the wider political context in the UK – particularly the uncertainty over what is “English” national identity and, critically, what should it be. All this comes amid the fray of polarised debate over the issues of immigration and race in England, and the UK more generally. The prospect of a tighter, points-based system of immigration, which has now been introduced, was one of the key themes of the Leave campaign in the 2016 EU referendum. Had such a system been installed several decades ago, the graphic about the English team’s immigration history may well have been approaching reality. And without the talents of Raheem Sterling, Kalvin Phillips, Kieran Trippier and others, England fans may well have been lamenting another disappointing tournament campaign. Amid the euphoria of reaching a final, there remains much soul-searching, as well as division, among the English on the key questions of “who are we” and “what exactly do we want to celebrate”? Fans, quite rightly, are celebrating the achievements of the whole English team, as well as the activism of individual heroes like Sterling and Marcus Rashford. Yet while many fans embrace the diversity of the team, the booing of their own players taking the knee against racism – a gesture that originated in the US – shows that identity politics can still divide, on and off the pitch. In spite of the positive image of diverse modern England projected by this group of players and manager, it is unrealistic to expect football to navigate the current “culture war” and be able to consolidate a more progressive, inclusive vision of Englishness – at least on its own. Other civic, and possibly political, institutions are needed if England is going to mean more than “the 11 men in white shirts at Wembley”. Notwithstanding how people identify themselves in terms of their nationality, research shows that both hosting a football tournament and making successful progression through it can have a positive impact on national feelings of happiness and well-being. If England beat Italy at Wembley on Sunday and win Euro 2020, a feel-good factor will inevitably abound, which may be a springboard to unite a country that is still deeply divided.

Baylor Expert Shares Four Keys to Leadership from Ulysses S. Grant’s Reflections on Civil War

Near the end of his life, as he battled spiraling health and an empty bank account, former United States President – and iconic Civil War General – Ulysses S. Grant penned his memoirs and gave the world a glimpse into the mind of one of the nation’s most celebrated figures. The book, “Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant,” was published in 1885 and has been pored over for more than 135 years. Peter Campbell, Ph.D., author, associate professor of political science at Baylor University and a nationally recognized scholar on military strategy and international security, recently wrote an essay about Grant and his memoirs for Classics of Strategy and Diplomacy. He said Grant’s personal reflections provide valuable insights into his view and practice of leadership, specifically as he led Union forces in the Civil War. Below, Campbell offers four keys to leadership that he found in Grant’s writings. 1. Know Yourself. Grant was a careful observer of himself. He was able to reflect on his experience, see where he had made errors and learn from them. In July 1861, moments before what Grant thought would be his first engagement as a commander in the Civil War, he was terrified. His heart was in his throat. When he and his forces crested a rise that they thought would reveal the enemy force, they saw that the enemy had fled. “My heart resumed its place,” Grant wrote. “It occurred to me at once that [the enemy] had been as much afraid of me as I had been of him. This was a view of the question I had never taken before; but it was one I never forgot afterwards.” Grant absorbed this lesson and it transformed him as a leader and planner. 2. Know Your Enemy. The great Chinese strategists counseled that commanders must know their enemies. Grant shows us what this looks like in practice. Rather than dwelling on his fears, those things that his opponent might do that would spell disaster, Grant put himself in the shoes of his adversary and asked himself: What would my gravest fears be, were I in his position? He then designed his plan of campaign to raise the specter of his enemy’s fears, knowing that this would compel the enemy to be blinded by fear and compel them to react. To be fair, this was easier for Grant because in the Civil War he was fighting against fellow graduates of West Point and veterans of the Mexican War, including Robert E. Lee. Grant was not in awe of Lee. “I had known [Lee] personally,” Grant wrote, “and knew that he was mortal; and it was just as well that I felt this.” This does not diminish, but rather reinforces, the importance on studying one’s adversary carefully in any kind of competition. 3. Know Your People. As Grant rose in the ranks of the Union Army, he was pulled away from the sound of the guns and the command of troops in battle. This is true in any organization – the higher one rises the further one gets from the ground truth, whether in an army or a Fortune 500 company. Grant recognized that to influence the battles he could no longer superintend, he had to select the right subordinates for the job and then give them the authority to exercise the initiative in their area of responsibility. This meant that Grant also had to be a careful observer of the strengths and weaknesses of his subordinates. Even a hero of the Battle of Gettysburg like Major General Gouverneur Warren was not spared Grant’s penetrating character assessments. Warren’s weakness, Grant wrote, was that he could not trust his subordinates to carry out his orders, which meant that he could not be give a large command. “[Warren’s] difficulty was constitutional and beyond his control,” Grant wrote. “He was an officer of superior ability, quick perception, and personal courage to accomplish anything that could be done with a small command.” When you know your people, you know where to place them where their strengths will reinforce success and their weaknesses will be least disastrous. 4. Unleash the Power of Humility. The most decisive virtue that Grant practiced was humility. As a leader he did not allow pride in his own designs to blind him to the wisdom of his subordinates. Late in the war, Grant wrote up a campaign plan for attacking the Shenandoah Valley, the key source of supply to the Confederacy. He brought the plan to General Philip Sheridan for execution. However, when he met with Sheridan, the cavalry officer presented Grant with his own plan. Grant wrote that Sheridan “was so clear and so positive in his views and so confident of success, I said nothing about [my campaign plan] and did not take it out of my pocket.” When you lead, don’t let pride get in the way of the best ideas bubbling up from your subordinates. ABOUT PETER CAMPBELL, PH.D. Peter Campbell, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science in Baylor University’s College of Arts & Sciences. He is the author of two books: “Military Realism: The Logic and Limits of Force and Innovation in the U.S. Army” and “Farewell to the Marshal Statesman: The Decline of Military Experience Among Politicians and its Consequences.” Campbell studies international security, civil-military relations, strategy and national security decision-making, international relations scholarship and policy relevance, insurgency and counterinsurgency, the just war tradition, unconventional warfare and advanced military technology, military culture, and the effects of cyber capabilities on conflict escalation. ABOUT BAYLOR UNIVERSITY Baylor University is a private Christian University and a nationally ranked research institution. The University provides a vibrant campus community for more than 19,000 students by blending interdisciplinary research with an international reputation for educational excellence and a faculty commitment to teaching and scholarship. Chartered in 1845 by the Republic of Texas through the efforts of Baptist pioneers, Baylor is the oldest continually operating University in Texas. Located in Waco, Baylor welcomes students from all 50 states and more than 90 countries to study a broad range of degrees among its 12 nationally recognized academic divisions. ABOUT THE COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES AT BAYLOR UNIVERSITY The College of Arts & Sciences is Baylor University’s largest academic division, consisting of 25 academic departments and eight academic centers and institutes. The more than 5,000 courses taught in the College span topics from art and theatre to religion, philosophy, sociology and the natural sciences. Faculty conduct research around the world, and research on the undergraduate and graduate level is prevalent throughout all disciplines. Visit baylor.edu/artsandsciences.