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Aston Business School has risen significantly across Business and Management Studies to 66th place in the world It follows being shortlisted for Business School of the Year by Times Higher Education The prestigious QS World University Rankings by Subject are based on academic reputation, employer reputation and citations. Aston University has risen to 66th place in the world in the 2024 QS World Rankings by Subject for Business and Management Studies. The QS World University Rankings by Subject are based on academic reputation, employer reputation and citations. These latest results recognise Aston Business School as among the best in the world for business and management studies. The rankings, released today by global higher education analyst QS Quacquarelli Symonds, provides independent comparative analysis on the performance of more than 16,400 individual university programmes, taken by students at more than 1,500 universities in 96 locations around the world, across 55 academic disciplines and five broad faculty areas. It follows a successful period for Aston Business School, which is part of an elite group of global business schools that hold the gold standard of ‘triple-crown’ accreditation from AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS, having recently been shortlisted for Business School of the Year by Times Higher Education (THE) and the QS Reimagine Education Awards, as well as success in the Shanghai rankings, which ranked Aston 13th in the UK for business administration. Professor Aleks Subic, Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of Aston University, said: “These latest rankings reinforce Aston University’s strong upward trajectory as we continue to climb the global rankings. Our recent successes reflect the concerted efforts and dedication of our exceptional academic community and stakeholders. “Strong global positioning of our Aston Business School is an integral part of the Aston 2030 Strategy that defines Aston as a leading university of science, technology and enterprise, measured by the positive transformational impact we achieve for our people, students, businesses and the communities we serve.” Professor Zoe Radnor, Pro Vice-Chancellor and Executive Dean for the College of Business and Social Sciences at Aston University, said: “I am delighted to see such a strong global performance for our business and management offering here at Aston University, which confirms Aston Business School as amongst the best in the world. “This is the latest external accolade in recognition of our excellence in teaching and research and reflects our strengths in working with industry, developing ethical business practices and providing students with a world-class education.”
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal force driving innovation and reshaping our societal landscape. Its transformative potential spans across sectors, touching upon crucial global challenges such as ethics, privacy, and the future of employment. As AI continues to permeate various aspects of our lives, its intersection with pressing issues like climate change takes center stage. The upcoming launch of the Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor by the NewClimate Institute in collaboration with Carbon Market Watch presents an invaluable opportunity to explore the symbiotic relationship between AI and corporate climate responsibility. Why This Matters to the Public: The Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor 2024 serves as a beacon of insight into the nexus between corporate actions and environmental sustainability. Here are key sub-topics that offer intriguing story angles for a broad audience: Corporate Accountability in Climate Mitigation: Delve into how corporations are leveraging AI technologies to enhance their climate mitigation strategies. Highlight case studies of companies pioneering innovative approaches to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable practices. Transparency and Reporting Standards: Investigate the role of AI-driven data analytics in facilitating transparent reporting on corporate carbon footprints and environmental impact. Explore how enhanced transparency fosters accountability and drives corporate responsibility. Emerging Trends in Carbon Markets: Explore the evolving landscape of carbon markets and the role of AI in optimizing carbon trading mechanisms. Examine how AI-powered algorithms are revolutionizing carbon pricing strategies and incentivizing emission reductions. Collaborative Initiatives for Climate Action: Showcase collaborative efforts between corporations, NGOs, and government bodies in tackling climate change. Highlight partnerships forged to develop AI-driven solutions for environmental monitoring, renewable energy adoption, and sustainable supply chain management. The Economics of Climate Responsibility: Analyze the economic implications of corporate climate responsibility initiatives. Investigate how AI technologies are reshaping business models, driving cost savings through energy efficiency measures, and unlocking new revenue streams in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Impacts on Global Sustainability Goals: Assess the contribution of corporate climate responsibility efforts to achieving international sustainability targets such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Highlight success stories and challenges faced in aligning corporate strategies with broader environmental objectives. Connect with an Expert about Corporate Climate Responsibility For journalists with questions or looking to cover the the Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor here is a select list of experts. To search our full list of experts visit www.expertfile.com Pamela Grothe Assistant Professor · University of Mary Washington Michael Vandenbergh Professor of Law · Vanderbilt University Sara Harris Professor of Teaching, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences · University of British Columbia Tom Rand Managing Director at MaRS Cleantech Fund I, L.P. · MaRS Cleantech Michael Rawlins Extension Associate Professor and Associate Director, Climate System Research Center · University of Massachusetts Amherst Photo Credit: Markus Spiske
The ChristianaCare Hospital Care at Home program, a national leader in providing acute care in a place most familiar to patients – their own homes – has reached a new milestone with more than 1,000 admissions since opening in December 2021. ChristianaCare’s innovative program enables patients with common chronic conditions, such as congestive heart failure and diabetes complications, as well as infections like pneumonia, to receive hospital-level care at home through virtual and in-person care provided by a team of physicians, nurse practitioners, paramedics and others. Technology kits deployed to patient homes ensure round-the-clock access to a health care professional, along with twice daily visits from caregivers, medication deliveries and mobile laboratory services. “This program is a wonderful example of how ChristianaCare is building a better health care system and meeting people’s health care needs through innovation, collaboration and an unwavering commitment to providing the very best care for the people we serve,” said Janice E. Nevin, M.D., president and CEO of ChristianaCare. “We are proud to be at the forefront of hospital care at home nationally, through the collaboration with leaders like Sen. Tom Carper of Delaware, who has championed this new model of care at the federal level; Medically Home, which partnered with ChristianaCare to help us design a program that best meets the needs of the communities we serve; and our own health professionals – we call them caregivers – whose expert care and coordination make this all possible. Together, we are creating health so that people can flourish.” ‘Just amazing’ for patients Patients are evaluated for the hospital care at home program when they come to Wilmington or Christiana hospital emergency departments. Those who can be treated at home receive a technology kit that connects them to the command center, powered by the ChristianaCare Center for Virtual Health. With a touch of a button, they can access an expert team of ChristianaCare doctors and nurses. But hospital care at home isn’t just virtual care—the technology supports an entire care team that works inside the patient’s home and remotely to provide optimal support at all times—just like in a hospital. Patients connect with their health care team with just the touch of a button. Carol Bieber, whose 98-year-old father, Bill, has been a hospital care at home patient, sees the difference it makes for him to wake up in his own bed, sit in his own living room and still get the care he needs to get better. "The whole hospital care at home experience is really calm and easy and familiar to him," said Bieber, who lives in Newark. “My dad is a people person, so to be able to connect with everybody who comes in to see him or talk to him on the screen is just amazing.” Innovative solutions for in-home care ChristianaCare’s Hospital Care at Home program was developed in 2021 after the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services (CMS) began the Acute Hospital Care at Home waiver program to allow Medicare beneficiaries to receive acute-level health care services in their home. U.S. Sen. Tom Carper, who represents Delaware, worked to pass the bipartisan Hospital Inpatient Services Modernization Act in 2023 that extended this program. Last month. Sen. Carper introduced the bipartisan At Home Observation and Medical Evaluation (HOME) Services Act that would expand this lifesaving and cost-saving program. “Hospital at Home – which grew out of the COVID pandemic – was an opportunity for us to meet seniors where they are,” Sen. Carper said. “It has delivered positive outcomes, higher patient satisfaction, and saves money. That is why when this program was about to go away with the end of the COVID public health emergency, I joined my colleagues across the aisle to extend the program for two more years. Today, especially as we celebrate the success of the program in Delaware with ChristianaCare, I’m encouraged that we can further extend that program!” Sarah E. Schenck, M.D., FACP, executive director of the ChristianaCare Center for Virtual Health, said the hospital care at home program has yielded lower readmission rates than brick-and-mortar hospitals. In addition, patient experience scores are about three times higher than the national average for a traditional hospital experience. Options like Hospital Care at Home give patients the care they need in the space they want, said Dr. Sarah Schenck, executive director of ChristianaCare's Center for Virtual Health. “We’ve been conditioned to believe that care only happens within the four walls of a hospital. For our patients who have loved ones at home or their pets, a favorite chair or favorite food, they’re now able to have all of that as they heal,” Schenck said. “Once our patients have experienced this, what we hear from them is that they are truly grateful.” Promoting healing – at home Helping patients recover in their homes also has been transformational for caregivers who get to see a different side of their patients and better understand what they need to successfully recover. “I can’t express how much I enjoy the patients and their families,” said Heather Orkis, a paramedic with the hospital care at home program. Patients aren't the only ones who enjoy the experience of Hospital Care at Home - so do the health care professionals who care for them. “To be able to enjoy the family and see these people get better in their own homes, with their families, their grandkids, their dogs, their cats – it’s just a completely different kind of medicine.” For Bill Bieber’s family, hospital care at home is more than health care. “It’s just the best thing ever,” Carol Bieber said. Families appreciate the frequent interactions with members of the Hospital Care at Home team.
#Expert Podcasts: CARF Accreditation is a process, not an event
Recently, CARF International's Michael Johnson sat down with Simplifyance™ for a great conversation of all things accreditation. The podcast link is provided below. Simplifyance™ had the privilege of speaking with Michael Johnson, Senior Managing Director of Behavioral Health for CARF International. We delved into the world of accreditation, discussing its immense value, the supportive process for organizations during surveys, and uncovering key best practices. CARF is renowned for its commitment to ensuring excellence in healthcare delivery and service outcomes. Michael shared valuable insights into the accreditation process and shed light on how CARF assists organizations in achieving survey success. Michael emphasized the importance of person-centered care, evidence-based practices, and fostering a culture of accountability and learning. These elements are crucial in driving positive outcomes and delivering compassionate, effective care to those in need. And if you're a interested in knowing more about accreditation or the work CARF International does — let us help with your questions. Michael Johnson is Senior Managing Director of Behavioral Health at CARF and is an expert in treatment strategies for mental health and substance use disorder. View his profile below to arrange an interview today.
Ask the Expert: What is the impact of the Francis Scott Key Bridge on the supply chain?
Early in the morning on March 26, 2024 a super freighter lost complete power and struck a support column on the Interstate 695 (I-695) resulting in catastrophic collapse of the bridge. This will limit shipping until salvage and cleanup operations are completed. The shutting down of the port will have a direct impact on the economy of Baltimore at a rate of over $200 million of cargo passing through the port every day. Dr. David Rollins, a supply chain expert and an assistant professor in the Rader School of Business at Milwaukee School of Engineering, provides insight into the industrial, consumer and fiscal impact of the Key Bridge collapse. "The port’s major exports are coal, automobiles, and light trucks, while it imports goods like sugar, cars, light trucks, heavy farm and construction machinery, minerals, and fertilizer. The shipping methods employed by the port of Baltimore include containerized units, break bulking, and roll-on roll-off for automobiles, trucks, and machinery. "The impact on the global supply chains will be negligible from the standpoint that the ports of Philadelphia and Norfolk are poised to accept international shipping vessels and have the capacity for the extra traffic. The supply chain for coal and automobiles will be disrupted in the short term as the traffic of both international cargo ships and railcars will be rerouted to the other ports. Materials loaded on ships scheduled to depart after March 26th will likely be held until the salvage and cleanup are completed. However, if a customer needs expediting services, materials may be shipped through air cargo or rerouted to another port for shipment. "A supply chain requires three elements to be successful: The logistics and transportation of physical goods, which is a short-term issue for Baltimore. An information channel, if executed properly supply chain and logistics managers shipping through the Port of Baltimore have rerouted goods to either Norfolk, VA or Philadelphia, PA, the two closest ports. The transfer of funds for both goods and services, which has a limited impact on the supply chain compared to the potential impact on the city of Baltimore’s economy. "Prior to COVID-19, the information exchange part of supply chains was mostly overlooked. Improved communication will help render the bridge collapse a minor issue in the global supply chain. "One domestic issue will be the time and distance between the seaports and the supplier’s location or the destination of the products. From the Midwest, the largest source of automobile suppliers, rail shipping requires extra lead time but will keep transportation costs low. If producers ship via truck, the increase in mileage to the closest port, Philadelphia, is 56 miles resulting in an increase in fuel cost per shipment of approximately $34.461. "The Key Bridge incident will result in the rerouting of traffic via Interstate 95 (I-95) through Baltimore. I-95, which travels through the Fort McHenry tunnel to downtown Baltimore will be highly congested during commuting times resulting in slower deliveries. Interstate 895 (I-895), traveling through the Harbor tunnel, also provides another. Both routes will only add a couple of miles for goods movement. Hazardous material trucking will not be allowed through the tunnels and will be required to take I-695 around the west and north side of the city. This route is 14 miles longer than the Francis Scott bridge route. "Typically, semis get around 6.5 miles per gallon of diesel fuel2. Increasing the costs for the logistics and trucking companies. Based on the load capacity of a semi-trailer at 48,000 pounds, the increase in fuel expenditures will have a negligible effect on the cost to consumers. "The resilience of the supply chain has improved in the past couple of years due to lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent to which supply chain managers have grown and adopted changes will determine the ultimate effect the Francis Scott Key Bridge had on the supply chain." Dr. Rollis is available to speak with media about the impact the Key Bridge collapse will have on the supply chain. Simply click on his icon below to arrange an interview. ### 1Estimated fuel costs based on mileage from Chicago to the port with an estimated truck mileage of 6.5 per gallon at a price of $4.00 per gallon. 2Motorask.com, supported by the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The BTS did not have data after 2021, but the website Motorask.com used the higher mileage which is used in the calculation.
National Puppy Day | Media Advisory
National Puppy Day celebrates the joy and companionship that puppies bring into our lives, while also raising awareness about the importance of adoption and the welfare of our canine friends. This day is an opportunity to advocate for responsible pet ownership, highlight the plight of dogs in shelters, and encourage adoption over purchasing from breeders. With millions of homeless dogs worldwide, National Puppy Day also serves as a reminder of the human-animal bond and our responsibility to protect and care for pets. Key sub-topics include: Adoption and Rescue Stories: Heartwarming tales of puppies finding their forever homes. The Importance of Spaying and Neutering: How these practices help reduce the number of homeless pets. Puppy Care and Training Tips: Expert advice on raising a healthy, well-behaved dog. The Role of Pets in Mental Health: Exploring how pets contribute to emotional and psychological well-being. Advocacy and Animal Welfare Legislation: Updates on laws and policies promoting the protection of dogs. Celebrating the Bond Between Humans and Dogs: The myriad ways puppies enrich our lives and communities. Connect with an Expert about Puppies and Pets For journalists seeking research or insights for their coverage about National Puppy Day, here is a select list of experts from our database. To search our full list of experts, visit www.expertfile.com Jennifer Applebaum Assistant Professor · University of Florida Meghan Herron Clinical Associate Professor I College of Veterinary Medicine · The Ohio State University Julie Levy Distinguished Professor · University of Florida Nicole Dorey Lecturer · University of Florida To search our full list of experts visit www.expertfile.com Photo by Jametlene Reskp
Professor Leon Davies is interim head of the School of Optometry at Aston University He completes his two-year term as president of the College of Optometrists in April 2024 Professor Davies will formally take on his new role at the College of Optometrists’ annual general meeting on 29 April 2024. Professor Leon Davies, interim head of the School of Optometry at Aston University, has been appointed chair of the Board of Trustees at the College of Optometrists. The College of Optometrists is the UK’s professional body for optometry, and as well as representing its members, seeks to develop knowledge and skills in the field, define good optometric practice, support optical research and innovation and educate the public on eye health. Professor Davies has served as a council member and trustee at the College for nine years and began a two-year term as president in 2022. He will formally take on the role of chair at the College of Optometrists’ annual general meeting on 29 April 2024. His term as president will end at this time, and he will also become immediate past president. The Board of Trustees exists to ensure that the College of Optometrists meets its financial and legal responsibilities as a chartered body with charitable status and works with the chief executive to set the College’s strategy and policies. As chair, Professor Davies will help to guide the College’s strategic direction, foster collaboration and ensure effective governance. Professor Davies said: “I am delighted to have been appointed chair of the Board of Trustees at the College of Optometrists at an important time for the College, its members and the wider optometry profession. I look forward to working with the Board of Trustees and senior leaders at the College to define and achieve our strategic aims for the benefit of our members and the patients they serve.”
#Expert Q&A: NJIT’s Donghee Yvette Wohn Weighs the Pros and Cons of Kids Playing Esports
Donghee Yvette Wohn, an associate professor at New Jersey Institute of Technology and director of its Social Interaction Lab, focuses on human computer interaction, where she studies the characteristics and consequences of social interactions in online environments such as social media, live streaming, virtual worlds (metaverse) and esports. Here she explains the appeal of esports among children in particular and how their parents can assess what’s appropriate for them. How would you describe the current landscape of esports? Esports is an umbrella term that is used for competitive computer gaming that usually, but not always, happens in teams. However, similar to books or movies, the content of the games vastly differs. Some games are very violent, some are not. Some have very realistic graphics, some are very fantasy-like and playful. It is thus hard, especially as a parent, to make blanket decisions when it comes to esports, you may have to take things case by case. So, then how can parents assess what’s appropriate for their children? A quick online search into the nature of the game to see its description or even watching ten minutes of what the gameplay looks like on YouTube or Twitch — where many people upload videos of gameplay — will give parents a better idea of what the game is like without having to play it themselves. What about in terms of the other players? It may be useful to use physical sports or any other extracurricular activity as a mental reference when thinking of how to deal with certain issues. For example, soccer is a sport that is great for socializing and team building, but if one is placing a 10-year-old in a game with other adults, there would be a lot of extra things one would want to consider. Like any social activity, one would want to be mindful of who the child is playing with, how much they are playing and how they are playing. For example, are they being respectful? And what kind of language is being used during the game? What skills could esports and similar gaming help children develop? Based on research, the collaboration and communication skills required to play successfully are extremely high. Even though people do not associate computer games as being a physical skill, the dexterity and hand-eye coordination required to play well require a very high level of intellect and physical ability. Of course, not everyone plays that well, but it does indicate that esports is a little different than some games that are more “mindless” or “relaxing” in nature. What about social skills? It strengthens existing friendships and can also open up one’s world by conversing with strangers. My colleagues and I did a research study where we found a student living in a rural area where most people did not go to college who wanted to go college because he was inspired by the older college students he was playing with. Playing the game in supportive environments can be mentally and socially beneficial. What are the downsides? Like any social situation, there is always the possibility of people misbehaving. The types of harassment documented in gaming environments is so horrible, but the reality is that children are exposed to all types of horrible situations — both online and offline — and helping them navigate difficult situations can help build resilience for the future. What’s a common misconception among parents? The most important thing is to understand that whatever happens in esports is not to be dismissed as something that is “only online” or “not real.” The emotions that children experience in the virtual world are very much real. How much parental supervision is needed? Younger children’s brains have not yet developed self-constraint, so the parent should decide how much time should be spent playing games, what games are played and who they are played with. Older children — once they start understanding logic — should be encouraged to plan these things for themselves. Looking to know more? We can help. Yvette Wohn is available to discuss esports and kids with media. Simply click on her icon to arrange an interview.
Amid "Likes" and "Shares," Facebook Jeopardizes Children's Health and Safety
On February 4, 2004, a 19-year-old Mark Zuckerberg launched “TheFacebook.” Developed in his Harvard University residence hall, it began as a networking service for his roughly 7,000 classmates. Today, it is the most popular social media platform in existence, boasting over three billion monthly active users worldwide. Through two decades of “likes” and “shares,” Facebook has transformed how people connect, interact and think. Driving everything from dinner parties and concert outings to political campaigns and protest movements, it has frequently been celebrated for its ability to convey information, mobilize groups and galvanize change. However, it has also been criticized for its questionable content management choices, its suspect data collection practices and, perhaps most notably, its role in feeding an ever-growing mental health crisis among children and adolescents—a charge Zuckerberg refutes. Elizabeth Burgess Dowdell, PhD, RN, FAAN, is a professor in Villanova University’s M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing and an expert on the health and safety risks posed by social media. From her perspective, Facebook and platforms like it have undoubtedly played a part in heightening levels of emotional distress and physical harm among youths. “Statistically, it’s well-established in the literature that mental health issues and concerning behaviors among children have escalated tremendously,” said Dr. Dowdell. “They’re becoming sadder, more depressed and lonelier, even though they’re very connected.” To Dr. Dowdell’s point, mental health disorders began rising precipitously among young people in the years following Facebook’s launch. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the percentage of children aged 6 to 17 years “ever having been diagnosed with either anxiety or depression” increased from 5.4% in 2003 to 8% in 2007 and 8.4% in 2011-2012. And just last year, in the era of Instagram and TikTok, Mental Health America found that 11.5% of children in the United States were struggling with severe depression, with 16% of youths aged 12 to 17 years having experienced a major depressive episode in the past 12 months. A contributing factor, according to Dr. Dowdell, is the way social media construes reality. Flooded with images, posts and videos that show hyper-idealized, rose-colored representations of life, impressionable young users can be made to feel isolated, inept or dissatisfied with their appearance. “I think adults understand that a ‘perfect’ picture is often preceded by a dozen other photos,” she said. “Kids don’t always see it like that. They focus on what makes them happy and what makes them sad—and what makes them feel sad about themselves.” Tragically, throughout the social media age, this sadness has been tied to increasing rates of suicide, self-harm and risky behavior among youths. A 2023 CDC study found that the suicide rate for children aged 10 to 14 years tripled from 2007 to 2018 (from 0.9 deaths per 100,000 to 2.9), and in 2021-2022, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children noted a 35% year-over-year increase in reports of suspected child sexual exploitation. Amid these frightening statistics, Dr. Dowdell emphasizes the importance of caring, compassionate adults’ involvement in young people’s lives. She notes these individuals’ presence can not only shield youths from potentially hazardous situations but give them the tools to cope with traumatic episodes and feelings of despair. “The critical factor that helps children become resilient is having a support system—having family members, parents or trusted adults with whom they can talk,” Dr. Dowdell shared. “They might go down the rabbit hole, but they have someone to pull them out, someone to help them.” For adults concerned about their loved ones’ social media use, Dr. Dowdell stresses that empathy and understanding are key. In turn, she advocates for an approach that reflects the supposed purpose of Facebook and platforms like it: active conversation. “It all comes back to communication,” she said. “Parents and guardians need to role-model responsible behaviors. They need to talk about these things: ‘What did you look at today?’ ‘What was good?’ ‘What was bad?’ ‘What did you think?’ ‘How did you feel about that?’ “It’s much like, when children are little, reading them books. When we read to children, we engage them… Why not read the social media feeds, look at the Facebook posts or go through Instagram? These forms of engagement, the conversations we have, let them know they can come and talk.”
The digits of pi are infinite. It’s an irrational number—one whose decimal never ends and never repeats. Over time, with brilliant minds and brilliant technology, humans have been able to calculate its digits further and further, now forming a 100-trillion decimal tail. In many ways, the infinitely long decimal expansion of pi is a metaphor for its limitless applicable value. With new ways of thinking, measuring and computing, the significance of pi has permeated throughout the study and use of mathematics and countless other disciplines. Pi is a mathematical constant by definition and also because of its ubiquity. “To offer an Augustinian-themed analogy, pi is to mathematics as Gregor Mendel’s peas are to biology,” said Katie Haymaker, PhD, associate professor of mathematics and statistics at Villanova University. “At first glance, Mendel’s experiments convey some basic understanding of the function of genetics. However, the way genes are expressed is incredibly complicated, and scientists continue to study genetics and gene therapies today. Similarly, mathematicians today study objects that are historically tied to the development of ideas inspired by explorations of pi. Pi is one gateway to a garden of mathematical possibilities.” Dr. Haymaker currently teaches a course called “Mathematics for Human Flourishing,” inspired by the Francis Su book of the same title. Her class discusses math in everyday life and how engaging in mathematical exploration can develop virtues like studying ethics or other humanities can and also expand quality of life. “I don’t have class this Pi Day, but usually I would share a little something about pi if I did,” she said. So, what exactly is pi? The easy answer is that it’s the ratio of the circumference (the length all the way round) to the diameter (the length across) for any circle. “If you measure across a circle with a piece of rope, how many pieces of the same rope would you need to measure around?” Dr. Haymaker explained. The never-ending answer starts with 3.14, hence the common celebration of Pi Day on March 14. This value has been studied for millennia: The ancient Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, dating to around 1650 BCE, offers a very close estimation for pi as 3.16049. Even the Bible, in 1 Kings 7:23, a circular vessel is described, and the ratio of circumference to diameter calculated to exactly three. “There are interesting explorations by biblical scholars about why this number is not exactly the value that we now know as pi, including that the brim around the vessel accounts for the discrepancy,” Dr. Haymaker said. Over time, novel methods for approximating pi were discovered, advancing humankind’s understanding of its value, and leading to various other paths of mathematical study. The famous Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, for instance, discovered a way to approximate pi’s value by use of a regular polygon (a closed geometric figure made of equal straight lines and angles). In those times, measuring a circle was not well defined, according to Dr. Haymaker. By placing the regular polygon inside the circle, the straight lines can be measured, those straight lines can be split to form a regular polygon with more measurable sides, and so forth. The more sides, the closer the measurement is to the true circumference of the circle. “That whole idea of approximating to the actual value is the main idea of calculus,” she said. “This notion by Archimedes predated that entire field.” Later, formulas were developed that surpassed Archimedes’ technique. A better approximation of pi was discovered around the year 450 by Chinese mathematician Tsu Ch’ung-chih, arriving at the easy-to-remember fraction 355/113. “This is one rational approximation to pi, and it’s also a fun Pi Day party trick because it’s the best approximation you can get with a fraction like this whose denominator is less than 10,000,” Dr. Haymaker said. These are just two examples of the many contributions made to advance the understanding of pi. Even the use of the Greek symbol to describe the ratio, which was popularized by 18th-century mathematician Leonhard Euler, was instrumental. Prior to that, there had been no agreed-upon symbol and the concept was often described using only words. In the thousands of years since the first recorded approximation of pi, the methods of its approximation—and pi itself—have been applied to multiple other fields of mathematical study such as trigonometry and calculus. For Dr. Haymaker, pi was important in the development of her own understanding of mathematics as well. “I have learned to expect the unexpected when it comes to pi,” she said. “It shows up in all sorts of places and it inspires us to dig deeper into why.” Today, pi can be calculated to 100-trillion decimal places (though only a dozen or so are needed for even the most accurate applications). On Pi Day 2023, 21-year-old Rajveer Meena memorized the first 70,000 digits, breaking a Guiness World Record in a mind-boggling 10-hour recitation. “I think that pi is fascinating to people because its digits behave in a random way and they go on forever,” Dr. Haymaker said. “If there is a string of numbers that is special to you—take 1842 for example—it exists somewhere in the digits of pi. In exploring pi, it feels like you are exploring the infinite, which naturally inspires mystical feelings about the number.” By the way, the string of numbers 1842 (the year Villanova was founded) appears at position 1738 counting from the first number after the decimal, according to the Pi-Search Page. So, whether it’s on March 14, July 22 (because the fraction 22/7 is a rational approximation of pi) or whenever you might celebrate, look down at that beautiful circular dessert you will cut into and think about “why pi(e)?” “Some people may scoff at Pi Day as being separate from ‘real’ mathematics,” Dr. Haymaker said. “But there is a joyfulness in celebrating this day that represents a deep connection that people have to mathematical discovery. After all, a person wrote the Rhind Papyrus, and it is people who program the computers that searched for the 100 trillionth digit of pi. This quest to understand is a deeply human endeavor. “To quote Francis Su, ‘the pursuit of math can, if grounded in human desires, build aspects of character and habits of mind that will allow you to live a more fully human life and experience the best of what life has to offer.’ So, if eating pie and other round foods on March 14 inspires someone to learn, ask questions, pursue answers and see themselves as an explorer of mathematics, then it is indeed a day to celebrate.”