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Aston University scientists to tackle challenges of converting rice straw into biofuels Researchers to examine issues that hinder conversion into an alternative fuel Will help protect global food security, minimise CO2 emissions and decrease farmland needed for growing energy crops. Aston University scientists are to tackle some of the challenges of how to make inedible rice straw into the next generation of biofuels. In recent years, biofuels and biobased chemicals have been blended with petrol to create a more sustainable alternative. The Aston University researchers are to examine issues that currently hinder the conversion of rice straw into an alternative fuel. Currently the production of biofuels mainly relies on sugar crops such as sugarcane and sugar beet, which raises major concern about the competition between growing crops for food or fuel. However plant dry matter such as rice straw is seen as a better alternative to current crops because it doesn’t affect food security. Rice straw is often treated as an agricultural waste by-product and is removed by burning in the field. Farmers burn straw to prepare to plough and sow rice credit: S.Narongrit99 The research is being led by Dr Alfred Fernandez-Castane, senior lecturer in biochemical engineering and principal investigator at the Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute (EBRI) at Aston University, alongside a Marie Curie fellow, Dr Longinus Igbojionu. Their two-year project, An integrated approach to ethanol production from rice straw via microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and sequential cultivation using Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, will explore cleaner and cost effective methods to extract rice straw’s energy-containing molecules. Dr Alfred Fernandez-Castane said: “The problems envisaged with the conversion of rice straw to ethanol can be categorised into four main challenges and resolving each challenge will lead to a major advance on the current state of the art. “The first is to develop pre-treatment conditions which will break down complex polymers thereby allowing the removal of lignin. “The next is to investigate novel biomass pre-treatment technologies combining green solvents and microwaves and how different methods affect morphology, structure and crystallinity of biomass. The next is to develop novel biotrasnformations using the yeasts Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to convert sugars into ethanol efficiently. “These three challenges will lead to the fourth scientific challenge which is to make the process sustainable and scalable, such as recycling the wastewater created and even the possibility of using the by-product of yeast for animal feeds.” The team believes that the research will help contribute to combating global warming and decreasing avoidable deaths by protecting global food security, minimising CO2 emissions by reducing the burning of straw and decreasing the farmland needed for growing energy crops. The research will end in November 2025.
• Contaminated water is responsible for around 500,000 deaths a year • New transmembrane proteins will allow selective removal of single contaminant from water • Will use tiny transport channels around one million times smaller than an ant. Aston University scientists are to explore a more sustainable method of separating contaminants from water. The method will use exquisite molecular selectivity, which means that just a single chemical or molecular species will be able to pass through the membrane, allowing scientists to selectively remove a single contaminant from water. The World Health Organization estimates that microbiologically contaminated water is responsible for almost 500,000 deaths a year and current filtration technologies aren’t effective enough. The University has received a grant of £165,999 from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council to research the use of bioinspired membranes to selectively remove contaminants from water, while using minimal energy. The membranes will be made from plastic but will have transmembrane proteins embedded within them, made possible thanks to new polymers developed by the University. The transmembrane proteins enable the selective removal of specific contaminants using transport channels measuring approximately 4-10 nanometres - around one million times smaller than an ant. The Aston University team led by Dr Matt Derry, lecturer in chemistry, will be developing bio-inspired membranes which selectively remove contaminants with minimal energy. Working with Dr Alan Goddard, reader in biochemistry at Aston University, the team’s design is based on solutions found in biological evolution and refinement which has occurred over millions of years. Dr Derry, who is based in the University’s College of Engineering and Physical Sciences. said: “Polluted water is a complex global socioeconomic issue that affects human and animal health, and greatly impacts industries such as agriculture and fishing, recreational activities and transport. “Current filtration technologies are ineffective and their manufacture often requires complex and expensive multi-step processes with high associated energy costs. “We are going to use advanced polymer synthesis to develop new bespoke polymers which will both extract transmembrane proteins and immobilise them within artificial separation membranes. “This will create water purification membranes which remove impurities with greater selectivity and specificity.” The new membrane technology developed in this project will advance and evolve membrane science. The platform materials and approaches used can be applied to other membrane filtration and water purification applications such as selective phosphate removal from agricultural wastewater. Dr Derry added: “We are hoping that the new membranes will lead to high-performance devices that can contribute to a circular economy. “The need for such new systems is recognised by the UN with Sustainable Development Goal six on clean water and sanitation.” The research will begin in April 2024 and will end in May 2026.
CorpusCast with Dr Robbie Love: Professor Laurence Anthony on AntConc
CorpusCast is the podcast about corpus linguistics and what it can do for society. Join Dr Robbie Love as he speaks with top researchers in the field to find out more about how corpus linguistics – the study of linguistic patterns in large samples of language – is applied to a diverse range of areas including health, social justice and education. To mark the 25th episode and second anniversary in 2024, this episode reflects on the incredible two-year journey, expressing gratitude to exceptional guests and listeners spanning over 30 countries. In this milestone episode, the spotlight is on Professor Lawrence Anthony, the brilliant mind behind AntConc, a widely used and freely available corpus tool. Listeners are invited to join a profound exploration into AntConc's story, development, and its impact on corpus linguistics. Professor Lawrence Anthony, based at Waseda University in Japan, directs the Center for English Language Education in Science and Engineering. With over two decades of expertise in educational technology, natural language processing, and genre analysis, he has been a pioneer in developing educational software for corpus linguistics enthusiasts. Listeners can anticipate a captivating conversation as CorpusCast delves into the world of AntConc, gaining insights into its significance in the field. The third season kicks off with Professor Lawrence Anthony, promising a knowledge-packed episode. A heartfelt thank you goes out to all CorpusCast listeners for their continuous support. Here's to more discoveries, learning, and growth in 2024! Happy New Year, and welcome to another exciting episode of CorpusCast! Dr Robbie Love ? https://bit.ly/3Zcgo36 Professor Laurence Anthony ? https://www.laurenceanthony.net/ Aston Centre for Applied Linguistics ? https://bit.ly/3QKHcSF School of Social Sciences and Humanities ? https://bit.ly/3JCRAd1 Find out more about courses related to this show ? https://bit.ly/3pR705k #corpuslinguistics #BusinessCommunication #AstonUniversity #RobbieLove #MatteoFuoli #SocietalImpact #corpuslinguistics #AntConc #PodcastAnniversary #EducationTechnology
SME innovation through the lens of ancient myths - public lecture
Professor Nicholas Theodorakopoulos will explore the transformation in the perception of SMEs since the 1970s He will explain the significance of theory-driven design and delivery of interventions for building the capacity of SMEs to innovate The lecture will take place on Thursday 18 January 2024 at Aston Business School from 1800 hrs. Aston University entrepreneurship expert, Professor Nicholas Theodorakopoulos, will be giving his inaugural lecture at Aston Business School on Thursday 18 January 2024. In his talk SME Innovation, Theory-Driven Intervention, and Ancient Myths Professor Theodorakopoulos will explore the transformation in the perception of SMEs, from being viewed as an anachronism in the 1970s to becoming the driving engine of innovation and a prominent feature of public policy worldwide. Professor Theodorakopoulos will explore the significance of theory-driven design and delivery of interventions for building the capacity of SMEs to innovate and will explain that these are not just academic pursuits, but essential tools for developing replicable and impactful intervention programmes on a national and international scale. He will also present a compelling example of a successful intervention that he has run with colleagues for almost a decade in the West Midlands region. Professor Theodorakopoulos said: “The paradigm shift in SME perception necessitates a robust approach to fostering effective SME development ecosystems, not least through Research and Innovation policies. “A critical component of this policy domain lies in strengthening collaboration and knowledge exchange between universities and SMEs, often achieved through targeted interventions. “I look forward to drawing upon an ancient myth as a metaphor for the significance of knowing not just ‘what works’, but also ‘how it works’, in university-SME interventions.” The lecture is open to the public and free to attend in person or online. The in person event will be followed by a drinks reception. To book your place, click here.
Aston University invests £18 million to support doctoral research
Funding to recruit and nurture tomorrow’s researchers Investment will support University’s vision to be a leading university of science, technology and enterprise Investment in research at the interfaces of science, health and technology. Aston University is announcing investment of £18 million in doctoral research funding to recruit and nurture the research leaders of tomorrow. The investment supports the University’s vision to be a leading university of science, technology and enterprise. It will fund research at the interfaces of science, health, technology and enterprise, socio-economic transformations driven by digitalisation, and pressing economic, social and other challenges addressed by researchers in Aston University’s colleges and research institutes. Successful candidates will be recruited for the studentships on the basis of excellence and provided with the support they need to excel as doctoral researchers. They will drive forward their own research projects and make significant contributions to existing innovative research projects and teams. A range of support will be available, including full studentships covering the cost of UK fees and student stipend paid at rates equivalent to UKRI-funded studentships, as well as a fund for research expenses. Professor Phil Mizen, Associate Pro-Vice-Chancellor Researcher Development at Aston University, said: “This investment represents the University’s strategic commitment to supporting inclusive, entrepreneurial and translational research with a clear transformational impact so that the people, businesses and communities it serves can thrive economically, socially and culturally. “I am delighted that, through these studentships, we are able to provide more opportunities for doctoral researchers to gain essential skills and to foster excellence in research and innovation.”
#Expert Insight: Here’s what can happen when dollar stores move in
Dollar stores - they're everywhere and on of America's fastest growing retail options. From the outside looking in, the idea of dollar stores seem like a win/win all around -- cheaper food, cheaper toys, and just about cheaper everything on offer to consumers looking to save money. However, recent research by UConn Professor Rigoberto Lopez might be pulling back the curtain on the bad deal these new outlets are selling to consumers and communities. Dollar stores have proliferated in recent years, and a study by a University of Connecticut economist has found that they contribute to less healthful food choices in the neighborhoods where they open. That’s because independent grocery stores tend to close in the same areas where the dollar stores open, according to professor Rigoberto Lopez, whose research focuses on agricultural economics. “The dollar store expanding is the fastest-growing retail format, and we also have seen a lot of family, independently owned grocery stores going out of business,” Lopez said. “So we try to link the two and to find not just a statistical correlation, but also we find that indeed when the dollar store comes to the neighborhood these stores tend to go out of business as well.” The low-priced dollar store — primarily Dollar General, Family Dollar and its subsidiary, Dollar Tree — “is the most successful type of format that is proliferating all across the United States, especially in rural areas and food deserts, which are the more underserved areas,” Lopez said. According to the study, published in Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, there were 35,000 dollar stores in the United States in 2019 and they were “among the few food retailers” that grew in revenue after the Great Recession of 2008-10, outperforming big box discounters and retail clubs. Between 2000 and 2019, dollar stores opening in a neighborhood resulted in a 5.7% drop in independent grocery store sales, a 3.7% decrease in employment and a 2.3% increase in the likelihood of the grocery stores closing, according to the research. The effects are three times more likely in rural than urban areas, the study found. The dollar stores tend not to offer fresh produce and meats, with foodstuffs being limited to canned and boxed goods. “In general they provide an unhealthier food assortment … and less services,” Lopez said. “They don’t have bakery, butchers, they don’t have a lot of these.” The article also discusses not just the economic aspects, but public health implications as well. Lopez said the dollar stores’ business model is “low prices, low cost, low quality. … But a lot of the food that they sell is not healthy. It’s processed foods that they can store. Keeping fresh food and vegetables costs money.” Dollar stores are not necessarily a negative, if there was not a grocery store in the area before, Lopez said. “Public health advocates, they’re against dollar stores, but a lot of people that visit the dollar store, they prefer to have a dollar store than not to have anything at all in some areas. … But in general … we find if they are driving some of the local businesses out, then that is the negative trend.” Food insecurity and the changing landscape of grocery stores are important topics, and if you have questions or are looking to cover, then let us help. Rigoberto Lopez is the DelFavero Professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Connecticut's College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics. He is an expert in food systems, marketing, industrial organization, and public policy. Simply click on his icon now to arrange a time to talk today.
MEDIA RELEASE: Provincial oversight of the towing industry now in effect in Ontario
The Towing and Storage Safety and Enforcement Act, 2021 (TSSEA) came into effect in Ontario yesterday, giving consumers more certainty when it comes to towing services across the province. Towing services were previously licenced at the municipal level, creating a confusing patchwork of rules and fees for consumers. Provincial oversight will help to ensure that the motoring public has a reliable, growing and reputable tow industry for years to come. “CAA has been working for over a decade with stakeholders and government officials to achieve provincial regulation of the towing industry,” said Teresa Di Felice, assistant vice president, CAA South Central Ontario. “These changes will make a big difference for drivers, providing more confidence and certainty regardless of when or where they require support.” CAA Members can still receive the same services they have come to know and trust. CAA towing services operate in compliance with the new rules in Ontario. “Public awareness of the rules that are now in place is going to be a critical element of successfully protecting drivers moving forward,” continued Di Felice. “CAA will be doing our part to help educate drivers across the province.” Some of the consumer protection requirements that will now be required for all towing services include: Every tow truck operator and vehicle storage operator (company owner) must have a Certificate to offer services in the province of Ontario. Every tow truck must clearly display their name and TSSEA certificate number on the truck. You have the right to see a copy of the certificate. You have the right to decide who can tow your vehicle and to what location unless otherwise directed by police. Tow truck drivers must obtain consent BEFORE they tow your vehicle. Without signed consent (permission to tow form), the tow operator cannot charge for towing services. Towing consent is not required for membership or roadside assistance-type services. You must be provided with an invoice BEFORE requesting payment and a receipt upon payment. This is not required for membership or roadside assistance-type services. Rates cannot exceed the maximum rates published by the Ministry of Transportation. Referrals to a business, facility or person can only be given if requested. Tow truck drivers and operators MUST disclose any benefit they receive for providing referrals to a person, business or facility. Multiple payment methods must be accepted (cash, cheque, credit card, debit). Towed vehicles must be transported via the most direct route. The tow operator or tow truck driver must notify the vehicle owner if taken to a different location from the one the vehicle owner specified. Customers must be allowed to retrieve personal property from towed vehicles at no charge. Storage operators must allow authorized persons access to retrieve personal items from vehicles during business hours or prearranged times. Tow operators must ensure every driver employed complies with TSSEA regulations, the Highway Traffic Act, and its regulations. Implementation of regulations will continue to roll out in the months ahead, and it is expected that the final phase of regulations will be implemented starting in July 2024.
Casting Light on the Dark Universe, Euclid's Mission Shows Promise
On December 7, 1968, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully launched the first functional space telescope into orbit. In the 55 years since, dozens of these crafts have embarked on missions of discovery, advancing and transforming our understanding of the cosmos. Among the latest is Euclid, a wide-angle space telescope developed by the European Space Agency (ESA). Equipped to chart portions of the universe that are not directly observable and currently shrouded in mystery, Euclid is working to generate a three-dimensional map unlike any other, surveying billions of galaxies out to 10 billion light-years. This past month, the first images from its journey were released. Joey Neilsen, PhD, is a world-renowned astrophysicist, a frequent collaborator with NASA and an assistant professor in Villanova University’s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. From his perspective, Euclid’s early returns evidence its voyage’s incredible potential. “In Euclid’s first image of the Perseus cluster, the sheer number of galaxies is really astonishing,” said Dr. Neilsen. “We talk a lot about how the universe is mostly empty space—and it is!—but it’s also enormous, and it’s really stunning that there’s room for so many galaxies in just a small patch of sky. There are 1,000 galaxies here huddled together in this cluster and over 100,000 in the background. “I also note some pale purple patches in the image of NGC 6822. These are planetary nebulae, the layers of gas and dust blasted off by stars at the ends of their lives. It’s amazing to be able to see these so clearly in images that show the entire galaxy and its environment at the same time.” According to Dr. Neilsen, Euclid’s remarkable visuals are the product of a calculated tradeoff. The ESA craft sacrifices the fine resolution of images taken by other observatories, like NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, to capture cosmic phenomena in greater breadth. By collecting these visuals, Euclid aims to spark breakthroughs on subjects as of yet understudied—breakthroughs that could benefit Dr. Neilsen’s field of research. “Euclid’s mission is to understand the evolution of the dark components of the universe: the invisible dark matter whose gravity holds large structures like galaxies and galaxy clusters together and the dark energy responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe,” he explained. “Much of my research focuses on a different aspect of the dark universe (black holes), but there is a puzzle that might connect: observations of very distant galaxies show there were very massive black holes very early on. How did these behemoths grow so big so fast? If would be neat if Euclid helped us to better understand the early universe in a way that informed our understanding of the growth of black holes.” In tracking and investigating the dark entities that compose and mold the cosmos, Euclid could very well offer insights into the history and development of over 95% of all energy and matter—and perhaps into the very fabric of existence itself. It is reasonable to wonder whether, when its mission is complete in six years’ time, the telescope could provide us with answers to questions that have gone unaddressed for six billion years. “For me, the best-case scenario would be that Euclid would show clear evidence of something that’s hard to explain with our current models,” said Dr. Neilsen. “For example, right now, we have ‘Hubble tension,’ a discrepancy between measurements of the expansion of the universe from when it was young and from the current era… The moments when things don’t add up are the ones where we learn the most about how the universe works. So, I’ll keep my fingers crossed for a surprise and for more to learn over the next six billion years.”
Big shift coming to the EV industry
Already a pioneer in the industry, the University of Delaware has once again played a key role in taking electric vehicles to the next level. Researchers there helped bring about new automotive standards that will drive lower-cost charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration and standardize Tesla’s connector so that future U.S.-made EVs will have this technology on it. The two newest standards for electric cars, both approved this month by standards committees of SAE International (formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers), should bring EV drivers great joy, according to Willett Kempton, professor at the University of Delaware’s Center for Transportation Electrification on UD’s Science, Technology and Advanced Research (STAR) Campus. Center director Rodney McGee was chairman of the two SAE committees, while postdoctoral researcher Garrett Ejzak, Kempton and administrative assistant Becky Cox played key roles in the engineering, research and policy work undergirding the new EV standards. “These developments mark a big shift for the EV industry,” said Kempton, who is affiliated with research centers in both the College of Earth, Ocean and Environment and the College of Engineering at UD. “Drivers will gain access to more charging stations and lower-cost charging. They will have new options for using their EV to help fight climate change and even make money when plugged in. These changes are likely to spur even greater adoption of EVs for clean, affordable transportation.” The so-called “V2G standard” (SAE J3068) provides the missing link for widespread use of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, which Kempton and his colleagues invented at UD more than two decades ago. “We’ve been doing V2G for 20 years here at the University of Delaware, wondering when the rest of the world would catch on,” Kempton said. “One key missing piece has been a complete standard for controlling and managing V2G, which now exists within SAE J3068.” V2G allows you to plug your EV into an electrical outlet and send power from the car battery back to your local energy utility, making a little income while helping the nation’s power grid. This is becoming increasingly more important as more renewable sources of energy come online. When the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t blowing, EV owners can plug in and “perform important energy-balancing services,” according to Kempton. The savings from V2G can add up. “Our V2G demonstrations show an EV can earn between $100 a year and $1,500 a year. The wide variation is due to different markets and to regulations in different utilities. It also depends on the EV’s capabilities,” Kempton explained. Current EVs need a substantial update or retrofit to be able to do V2G, while new EVs equipped with the signaling technology are expected to be available by 2025. This standard also will make it possible to use your EV as backup power for your house. As extreme weather increases with climate change, that’s a good energy reserve to have when the lights go out. It takes one-and-a-half kilowatts to power the average house, Kempton said. Your electric car can produce 80 kilowatts of power, enough to run a whole house and more. “So, your EV can both help fight climate change and keep your house going when extreme storms happen,” Kempton said. With SAE J3400 now approved, the connector system Tesla developed for EV charging will now be standardized and can be included on future EVs of any brand. The first non-Tesla cars with this technology, also known as the North American Standard Connector, are expected to hit the market in 2025. “This will eliminate Tesla’s monopoly on their charging stations, making them available for use by any new EV,” Kempton said. According to Statista, the U.S. had more than 53,000 public EV charging stations and over 138,000 public charging outlets in May 2023. Visit Kempton's profile and click on the contact button to arrange an interview.
The internet has completely changed how we shop and now artificial intelligence (AI) is changing how we decide what to purchase. AI platforms have created tools to help people find the perfect gift for someone special. The technology helps brands to better learn about their customer and suggests products that fit to that customer. Goizueta Professor David Schweidel can walk you through the different platforms and how they can help shoppers find the perfect gift. Entering some key details about the gift recipient can uncover a whole new world of ideas for that hard to shop for person on the gift list. David A. Schweidel is Professor of Marketing at Emory University’s Goizueta Business School and an acclaimed author. He is available to speak with media regarding the latest advances in AI and how it is changing what we purchase. Simply click on his icon now to arrange an interview today.
