Experts Matter. Find Yours.

LI Schools See Improvement in Math and ELA Exams

Dr. Amy Catalano, interim dean of Hofstra University’s School of Education, was interviewed by Newsday about English language arts (ELA) and math scores improving among Long Island students in grades 3-8. The article also noted that student participation in testing has increased. On Long Island, 31.1% of students opted out of the ELA test in 2025 compared with 36.5% last year and about 41% in 2023. Experts like Dr. Catalano noted all eligible students need to take the tests or scores could mask academic gaps. “If you don’t have 100% of your kids taking the test, those results are just not reliable,” she said.

AI as IP™: A Framework for Boards, Executives, and Investors

Under current corporate accounting practices, artificial intelligence (AI) companies’ most valuable resources – large language models, training datasets, and algorithms – remain “off the books” or uncapitalized. As the importance of AI continues to grow in the global knowledge-based economy, financial statements are becoming less representative of a company’s true worth, creating a recognition gap. In this article, James E. Malackowski, Eric Carnick, and David Ngo present several conceptual frameworks to bridge this gap. They explain how the triangulation of three valuation approaches can reveal both the tangible investment base and the intangible, strategic upside of AI assets. In turn, these approaches provide board-level visibility into where AI capital resides and how it contributes to enterprise value. James E. Malackowski is the Chief Intellectual Property Officer (CIPO) of J.S. Held and Co-founder of Ocean Tomo, a part of J.S. Held. Mr. Malackowski has served as an expert on over one hundred occasions on intellectual property economics, including valuation, royalty, lost profits, price erosion, licensing terms, venture financing, copyright fair use, and injunction equities. He has substantial experience as a Board Director for leading technology corporations, research organizations, and companies with critical brand management issues.  This article is the second installment in our three-part series, Artificial Intelligence as Intellectual Property or “AI as IP™”, which explores how artificial intelligence assets should be treated as a form of intellectual property and enterprise capital. The first article, “A Strategic Framework for the Legal Profession”, explored the legal foundations for recognizing and protecting AI assets. The upcoming third article, “Guide for SMEs to Classify, Protect, and Monetize AI Assets”, will provide practical steps for small and mid-sized enterprises to turn AI into measurable economic value. To explore the topic further, simply connect with James through his icon below.

Kwanzaa Explained: A Modern Celebration Rooted in Culture, Community, and Purpose

Observed from December 26 to January 1, Kwanzaa is a cultural celebration that centres on African heritage, shared values, and community renewal. While often grouped with year-end holidays, Kwanzaa is distinct in both origin and intent — designed not as a religious observance, but as a time for reflection, education, and collective responsibility. At its core, Kwanzaa asks a simple but powerful question: How do communities honour their past while shaping a stronger future? The Origins of Kwanzaa Kwanzaa was established in 1966 by scholar and activist Maulana Karenga during a period of social change in the United States. It was created to provide African Americans with a way to reconnect with African cultural traditions while reinforcing shared values that support family, community, and social progress. The name “Kwanzaa” is derived from a Swahili phrase meaning “first fruits”, reflecting harvest celebrations common across many African cultures. The Seven Principles: Nguzo Saba Each day of Kwanzaa focuses on one of the Seven Principles, known collectively as the Nguzo Saba. These principles guide the celebration and serve as a framework for reflection and action: Umoja (Unity) – Strengthening family and community bonds Kujichagulia (Self-Determination) – Defining and speaking for oneself Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility) – Building together and solving problems collectively Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics) – Supporting and sustaining community businesses Nia (Purpose) – Contributing to the restoration and development of community Kuumba (Creativity) – Leaving communities more beautiful and beneficial than before Imani (Faith) – Belief in people, parents, teachers, leaders, and collective struggle Each evening, families light a candle on the kinara, symbolizing progress through these values. Symbols and Traditions Kwanzaa celebrations include meaningful symbols that reinforce its themes: Kinara – The candle holder representing roots and foundation Mishumaa Saba – Seven candles representing the Nguzo Saba Mkeka – A woven mat symbolizing tradition and history Mazao – Crops representing collective labour and productivity Kikombe cha Umoja – The unity cup used for communal reflection Zawadi – Gifts that emphasize creativity, learning, and cultural meaning Celebrations often include storytelling, music, poetry, shared meals, and discussions about cultural identity and social responsibility. Kwanzaa in Practice Today Kwanzaa is observed in the United States and internationally by people of African descent and others interested in African culture and values. It may be celebrated alongside religious holidays such as Christmas or Hanukkah, or on its own. Over time, Kwanzaa has become a platform for conversations about: Cultural identity Community empowerment Education and youth development Economic equity Social responsibility Story Angles for Journalists Why Kwanzaa was created — and why it still resonates today The role of culture in community resilience How Kwanzaa is celebrated across generations Education, identity, and the Nguzo Saba Kwanzaa’s place in modern multicultural societies How families blend Kwanzaa with other year-end traditions Why Kwanzaa Matters Kwanzaa offers a framework for reflection that extends beyond a single week. Its principles emphasize unity, purpose, and shared responsibility — themes that remain relevant in discussions about culture, equity, and community building. In a season often dominated by consumption and spectacle, Kwanzaa provides a values-driven pause — one rooted in heritage, intention, and collective progress. Let's get you connected to an expert! Find more experts here: www.expertfile.com

With the MOMitor™ app, Florida mothers have better maternal care right at their fingertips

A program spearheaded by University of Florida physicians recently expanded to improve care for new mothers throughout the state, using tools they have right at home. Five years ago, a team of obstetricians and researchers at the UF College of Medicine launched MOMitor™, a smartphone app that allows new mothers to answer health screening questions and check vitals like blood pressure in the comfort of their own homes, using tools given to them by their health care providers. Depending on the data, the clinical team can then follow up with patients as needed for further medical intervention. Now, the app is expanding beyond North Central Florida — where nearly 4,400 mothers have participated in the program — to other areas in the state. Clinicians are also teaming up with data scientists at the College of Medicine who are using artificial intelligence to study data and identify trends that can lead to more personalized care. Program expansion Thanks to funding from the Florida Department of Health to support the state’s Telehealth Maternity Care Program, MOMitor™ has recently expanded for use in Citrus, Hernando, Sumter, Flagler, Volusia, Martin, St. Lucie and Okeechobee counties, said Kay Roussos-Ross, M.D. ’02, MPAS ’98, a UF professor of obstetrics/gynecology and psychiatry who is leading the program. “The Florida Legislature was really motivated and interested in improving maternal morbidity and mortality, and through this program we’re touching additional parts of the state and helping patients beyond North Central Florida,” she said. Maternal mortality is a serious concern in the United States, with more than 18 deaths recorded per 100,000 births in 2023, according to the latest data available from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This is a much higher rate than most other developed countries, Roussos-Ross said. Common factors that may lead to maternal mortality, which is measured from pregnancy through the first year after giving birth, include infection, mental health conditions, cardiovascular conditions and endocrine disorders. Many of these complications can go unnoticed or unmonitored, particularly if at-risk mothers are not reporting complications to clinicians. A 2025 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association shows that up to 40% of women do not attend postpartum visits. “By leveraging AI, we have the opportunity to target moms and moms-to-be who might be at greater risk of complications ... and encourage them to participate in the program to mitigate these.” — Tanja Magoc, Ph.D. “Whereas we’re used to seeing patients pretty routinely during pregnancy, after delivery visits quickly drop off and some women don’t make it back for postpartum care, so we may not have an opportunity to continue supporting them,” Roussos-Ross said. “This can often be because of barriers such as housing, transportation or food insecurity. We offer referrals to help with some of these services.” With MOMitor™, patients can let their clinician know how they are recovering without visiting the clinic, improving access to care in situations where that is not always an easy option for new mothers. “It’s a way to be proactive,” Roussos-Ross said. “Instead of waiting for a patient to come to us when they haven’t been doing well for a while, we connect with them through the app and follow up when they initially begin not doing well, so we can address concerns more quickly.” Studying data to personalize care Roussos-Ross’ team is collaborating with data scientists from the College of Medicine’s Quality and Patient Safety initiative, or QPSi, to determine how AI can assist in finding ways to further improve processes. “By leveraging AI, we have the opportunity to target moms and moms-to-be who might be at greater risk of complications, such as developing postpartum depression or hypertension, and encourage them to participate in the program to mitigate these complications,” said Tanja Magoc, Ph.D., the associate director of QPSi’s Artificial Intelligence/Quality Improvement Program. David Hall, Ph.D., a QPSi data scientist, said his team is working alongside the clinical team to analyze data that can be used to create recommendations for patients. “Everything we do comes from information supported in the patients’ charts,” Hall said. “We also make sure the data upholds compliance standards and protects patients’ privacy.” “We’re interested in finding out what areas might be hot spots and determining what makes them this way, so we can ... better identify areas where there may be high-risk patients and provide interventions to those who need it most.” — David Hall, Ph.D. The teams aim to intervene before patients encounter postpartum complications, addressing potential issues before they become significant problems. After taking into account a patient’s personal and family medical history, the team looks at information such as geolocation, drilling down to areas much smaller than the ZIP code level in order to find points of potential concern. “We’re interested in finding out what areas might be hot spots and determining what makes them this way, so we can study these patterns throughout the state and better identify areas where there may be high-risk patients and provide interventions to those who need it most,” Hall said. Roussos-Ross said she is proud of the work her team has done to improve patient outcomes through the program so far and is excited to empower more patients. “Every year, the participants give us recommendations on how to improve the app, which we love. But they also say, ‘This is so great. It helped me think about myself and not just my baby. It helped me learn about taking care of my own health. It made me remember I’m important too, and it’s not just about the baby,’” Roussos-Ross said. “And that is so gratifying, because women are willing to do anything to ensure the health of their baby, sometimes at the expense of their own care. This is a way for us to let them know they are still important, and we care about their health as well.”

AU scientists advance understanding of Nobel-winning immunology research

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine recognized the discovery of regulatory T cells, which are immune cells that maintain tolerance and prevent autoimmunity. At Augusta University, scientists have built upon that foundational work, uncovering how these cells function, fail and evolve across diseases like cancer and atherosclerosis. Regulatory T cells, or Tregs, are essential for controlling immune responses and preventing the body from attacking its own tissues. Early discoveries by Shimon Sakaguchi, MD, PhD, who identified the CD25 marker and later the transcription factor FoxP3, revealed how Tregs suppress immune activation. Sakaguchi, a distinguished professor at Osaka University in Japan, shared the Nobel Prize with Mary E. Brunkow, PhD, Princeton University, and Fred Ramsdell, PhD, University of California, Los Angeles. Sakaguchi once shared lab space with Nicholas Gascoigne, PhD, now a professor at AU’s Immunology Center of Georgia, where he studies T-cell signaling and differentiation — a connection that ties the global history of Treg research to the university’s ongoing expertise. Gascoigne’s research continues to illuminate how Tregs differentiate and signal, critical steps in ensuring immune tolerance to self. “Drs. Sakaguchi, Brunkow and Ramsdell have made enormous contributions to our understanding of how immunological tolerance works, so this prize is very well deserved,” Gascoigne said. “I was happy I could help Drs. Shimon and Noriko Sakaguchi when they needed lab space back in the early ‘90s. They were wonderful to work with.” At Augusta University, David Munn, MD, co-director of the Pediatric Immunotherapy Program of the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, made seminal discoveries showing that Tregs are not always stable. Munn’s team demonstrated that these cells could lose their suppressive identity and become “exTregs,” adopting pro-inflammatory characteristics under certain conditions. Munn also uncovered an entirely distinct tolerance mechanism through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, a pathway independent of FoxP3 that regulates immune balance through tryptophan metabolism. “In particular, the work of Shimon Sakaguchi and Fred Ramsdell was profoundly influential on our early work, as we were just starting out to explore how the immune system is regulated in pediatric cancers,” Munn said. “The work of these Nobel laureates helped transform the scientific understanding of how the immune system responds — or fails to respond — in the setting of tumors.” Catherine “Lynn” Hedrick, PhD, co-director of the Immunology Center of Georgia, further expanded this understanding by showing that Tregs can convert into follicular helper T cells, offering new insight into how immune regulation can shift toward antibody production in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. “Understanding how regulatory T cells can shift identities helps explain why the immune system sometimes loses balance in chronic disease,” Hedrick said. “By tracing how Tregs convert into other helper cells, we’re uncovering new therapeutic targets to restore immune harmony in conditions like atherosclerosis.” Building on these advances, Klaus Ley, MD, co-director of IMMCG, and his team have investigated how exTregs contribute to cardiovascular inflammation, identifying them in human tissues and clarifying their role in atherosclerosis. His lab also recently discovered human exTregs, providing the first direct evidence of these cells in people. Two postdoctoral fellows in Ley’s lab, Qingkang Lyu, PhD, and Smriti Parashar, PhD, continue this work, exploring how regulatory and ex-regulatory T cells influence chronic disease progression. Additionally, Dimitrios Moskofidis, MD, PhD, a professor based in the Georgia Cancer Center, contributed key early insights into immune tolerance and memory, defining how effector T cells persist or are deleted following infection. “Together, these discoveries place Augusta University and the Immunology Center of Georgia at the forefront of modern immunology, connecting molecular mechanisms of tolerance to real-world diseases and therapies,” Ley said. To connect with any of the experts or researchers in this article - simply contact AU's External Communications Team mediarelations@augusta.edu to arrange an interview today.

New AI-powered tool helps students find creative solutions to complex math proofs

Math students may not blink at calculating probabilities, measuring the area beneath curves or evaluating matrices, yet they often find themselves at sea when first confronted with writing proofs. But a new AI-powered tool called HaLLMos — developed by a team led by Professor Vincent Vatter, Ph.D., in the University of Florida Department of Mathematics — now offers a lifeline. “Some students love proofs, but almost everyone struggles with them. The ones who love them just put in more work,” Vatter said. “It just kind of blows their minds that there’s no single correct answer — that there are many different ways to do this. It’s very different than just doing computational work.” Building the tool HaLLMos was developed by Vatter, as principal investigator, along with Sarah Sword, a mathematics education expert at the Education Development Center; Jay Pantone, an associate professor of mathematical and statistical sciences at Marquette University; and Ryota Matsuura, a professor of mathematics, statistics and computer science at St. Olaf College; with grant support from the National Science Foundation. The tool is freely available at hallmos.com. The team’s goal was to develop an AI tool powered by a large language model that would support student learning rather than short-circuiting it. HaLLMos provides immediate personalized feedback that guides students through the creative struggle that writing proofs requires, without solving the proofs for them. The tool’s name honors the late Paul Halmos, a renowned mathematician who argued that the mathematics field is a creative art, akin to how painters work. Students using HaLLMos can select from classic exercises — such as proving that, for all integers, if the square of the integer is even, the integer is even — or use “sandbox mode” to enter exercises from any course. Faculty can create exercises and share them with students. Vatter introduced HaLLMos to his students last spring in his “Reasoning and Proof in Mathematics” class, a core requirement for math majors that is often the first time students encounter proofs. “They could use this tool to try out their proofs before they brought them to me. We try to identify the error in a student’s proof and let them go fix it,” Vatter said. “It is difficult for faculty to devote enough time to working individually with students. Our goal is that this tool will provide the feedback in real time to students in the way we would do it if we were there with them as they construct a proof.” Helping professors and students excel “I think every math professor would love to give more feedback to students than we are able to,” Vatter said. “That’s one of the things that inspired this.” The next steps for Vatter and his colleagues include getting more pilot sites to use the tool and continuing to improve its responses. “We’d like it to be good at any kind of undergraduate mathematics proofs,” he said. Vatter also intends to explore moving HaLLMos to UF’s HiPerGator, the country's fastest university-owned supercomputer. “It’s our goal to have it remain publicly accessible,” Vatter said. This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Division of Undergraduate Education.

WSJ Quotes Sample on Presidential Term Limits

Hofstra Law Professor James Sample was quoted in the Wall Street Journal article “Trump Told by Alan Dershowitz Constitutionality of Third Term Is Unclear.” In the piece, Prof. Sample, a constitutional law scholar, discussed one scenario raised by former President Donald Trump’s allies involving the presidential line of succession and whether it could be used to test the limits of the 22nd Amendment.

Boxing Day Explained: From Acts of Charity to a Global Cultural Tradition

Boxing Day may be best known today for shopping deals, leftover turkey sandwiches, and the collective decision to stay in pyjamas as long as possible. But its origins are far richer — rooted in charity, social responsibility, and long-standing cultural tradition. Observed on December 26, Boxing Day has evolved over centuries from a day of giving into a uniquely modern mix of generosity, sport, family, and commerce. Where Boxing Day Began The origins of Boxing Day trace back to medieval Britain. Traditionally, it was the day when: Churches opened alms boxes to distribute donations to the poor Employers gave servants and tradespeople “Christmas boxes” containing money, food, or gifts Workers who served households on Christmas Day were finally given time off to celebrate with their own families At its core, Boxing Day recognized service, labour, and the idea that generosity should extend beyond Christmas Day itself. A Day for Workers, Not Just Celebrations Historically, Boxing Day acknowledged the contributions of workers — from domestic staff to tradespeople — reinforcing values of gratitude, fairness, and shared prosperity. Long before modern labour standards, it created a structured moment for appreciation and rest. How Boxing Day Is Celebrated Around the World Today While its charitable roots remain, Boxing Day traditions vary by region: United Kingdom A public holiday Known for major football matches, horse racing, and community events A blend of tradition, sport, and post-Christmas relaxation Canada A statutory holiday in several provinces Widely associated with retail sales, winter recreation, and family gatherings Increasingly viewed as a day to unwind, travel, or spend time outdoors Australia & New Zealand Celebrated during summer Defined by outdoor events, including cricket and sailing A festive, recreational extension of Christmas rather than a recovery day United States Not an official holiday, but culturally familiar December 26 is widely marked by after-Christmas sales, professional sports viewing, and end-of-year charitable giving Many American traditions - holiday bonuses, tipping service workers, and year-end donations - closely mirror Boxing Day’s original emphasis on gratitude and generosity Beyond the Commonwealth In several European countries, December 26 is observed as St. Stephen’s Day, carrying its own religious and cultural significance From Charity to Commerce: A Modern Shift Over time, Boxing Day became synonymous with retail — driven by post-holiday inventory cycles and consumer demand. While some argue this shift has overshadowed its charitable origins, others see it as an evolution rather than a replacement. Notably, many volunteer initiatives and charitable campaigns continue to peak on or around December 26, reconnecting the day with its philanthropic foundation. Story Angles for Journalists How Boxing Day evolved differently across cultures Why Boxing Day is a holiday in some countries but not others The economic impact of December 26 retail activity Boxing Day and labour history How sport became a defining Boxing Day tradition Why generosity peaks at year’s end Why Boxing Day Still Matters Boxing Day sits between celebration and renewal — a moment to acknowledge service, extend generosity, and reset before the new year. Its global staying power lies in its adaptability, reflecting the values and rhythms of the societies that observe it Find your expert here: www.expertfile.com